Random variate transformations in the Gibbs sampler: issues of efficiency and convergence

In the non-conjugate Gibbs sampler, the required sampling from the full conditional densities needs the adoption of black-box sampling methods. Recent suggestions include rejection sampling, adaptive rejection sampling, generalized ratio of uniforms, and the Griddy-Gibbs sampler. This paper describes a general idea based on variate transformations which can be tailored in all the above methods and increase the Gibbs sampler efficiency. Moreover, a simple technique to assess convergence is suggested and illustrative examples are presented.     

有错检验情况下标准型抽样方案的设计

本文给出了在有错检验情况下标准型抽样方案的设计方法，讨论了误检概率ｐ，ｐ′对抽样方案的影响，并给出抽样方案的实际应用。     

国际妇女参政运动的新趋势

妇女参政是妇女的基本人权,也是推动人类社会可持续发展和社会改革的重要内容。第四次世界妇女大会以来,在联合国的倡导和支持下,国际妇女参政运动在发展方向和发展政策方面取得积极进展和成功经验,同时提出新的奋斗目标和诉求;其发展趋势和经验教训,对中国妇女参与政治和决策有借鉴意义。     

共青团围绕党的中心任务而奋斗的百年历程及基本经验

作为党的助手和后备军,中国共产主义青年团紧跟党的步伐,围绕党的中心任务,走过了百年辉煌历程。百年来,共青团坚持党的领导,将党领导团正确的方针政策落到实处;坚持改革,不断增强团围绕党的中心任务而奋斗的能力;教育引导青年,重视青年在革命、建设、改革中的作用,在新民主主义革命时期、社会主义革命和建设时期、改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期、新时代中国特色社会主义建设时期都作出了重要贡献。未来建设中,共青团要不断突出政治性,增强先进性,保持群众性,巩固、夯实、筑牢其围绕党的中心任务而奋斗的领导基础、政治基础和青年群众基础。     

学科教学知识新突破:教学策略“U-S”双向共创机理

教学策略由学科知识、教学知识、学生心理引导和教学监控等条件性知识以及教师教学经验、反思、行为习惯等组成,具有理论与实践一体化特征。其中知识部分属于学科教学知识(PCK)范畴,具有情境性和多种知识融合的特征。学科教学知识的“特殊整合”,不仅需要相应的学科知识和教学知识,还需要情境性教学经验。然而,中小学教师有经验缺理论、高校教师有理论没经验的问题普遍存在,形成教学策略与教学行为之间双向转化的瓶颈。为此,大学和中小学教师需要以外部利益驱动构建协同共创平台,在相同教学旨趣吸引下组成优势互补的研发团队,形成突破教学策略转化瓶颈的分层赋能与共创机制。“大学―中小学”(“U-S”)协同共创,应注重从教学策略理论知识传授到教师教学行为转变、从学习名师经验及其教学策略创新到新教学策略文本形成的转化与共创过程,形成特色鲜明的学科教学策略知识,将其以陈述性、程序性、策略性知识形式融入师范生实训教学,进而实现对现有学科教学知识的新突破。只有构建“U-S”共同体,协同实现教学策略的“理—实”双向共创,才能赋予教学策略以“内容、形式和旨趣”三个维度的理论和实践生命力,才能发挥双方优势,形成规模更大的教学策略创新平台。     

体验的诗学:论顾城诗歌中的“自我”观念

个体体验属于个人独特而不可复制的经历,不同的体验会带来不同的社会认知,也会带来不同的人生思考,而顾城自小而大的独特成长和经历则促使其不断地追寻自我。从幼时开始思索自己与世界的关系,渴望一种自然而然的生命状态。而成长环境的变化以及时代与社会氛围的影响,让顾城逐渐在生成文化自我的同时走向了一个反文化的自我,抗拒社会文化对自己思维的统治,在反叛中执着地追寻着自我。出国后的异域体验,让他在多元文化的映照下重新进行自我的定位,在东西方文化中重新审视自我,体味生死,追寻终极的自我,最终形成自我的消解。顾城自我观念的生成与流变,既是时代与社会变动中独异的文化样本与标志,也是一个个体努力寻找生命的价值与意义的终极探索。     

Sampling from spatial databases

This paper deals with techniques for obtaining random point samples from spatial databases. We seek random points from a continuous domain (usually ²) which satisfy a spatial predicate that is represented in the database as a collection of polygons. Several applications of spatial sampling (e.g. environmental monitoring, agronomy, forestry, etc) are described. Sampling problems are characterized in terms of two key parameters: coverage (selectivity), and expected stabbing number (overlap). We discuss two fundamental approaches to sampling with spatial predicates, depending on whether we sample first or evaluate the predicate first. The approaches are described in the context of both quadtrees and R-trees, detailing the sample first, acceptance/rejection tree, and partial area tree algorithms. A sequential algorithm, the one-pass spatial reservoir algorithm is also described. The relative performance of the various sampling algorithms is compared and choice of preferred algorithms is suggested. We conclude with a short discussion of possible extensions.     

Institutional Ethnography and Experience as Data

Experience, as concept, is contested among feminists as to its epistemological status, thus its usefulness in knowledge claims. Institutional ethnography (Smith 1987) is a feminist methodology that nonetheless relies fundamentally on people's experience. Not as Truth, nor the object of inquiry, but as thepoint d'appui for sociological inquiry. This article offers a demonstration of institutional enthnography using observational and interview data that show experience as methodologically central to a trustworthy analysis. A moment in the work lives of nursing assistants in a long-term care setting is captured by a participant observer. The analysis produces two lines of argument. One is methodological; it is argued that nursing assistants' experiences are an entry into the social relations of the setting that, when mapped and disclosed, make those experiences understandable in terms of the ruling arrangements permeating both the organization and their own experiences. The other argument is substantive; the inquiry uncovers how a quality improvement' strategy in a long term care hospital in Canada is reorganizing caregivers' values and practices toward a market orientation in which care appears to be compromised. Use of experience as data in this approach holds the analysis accountable to everyday/everynight actualities in a lived world.     

基于MCMC稳态模拟的贝叶斯经验费率厘定信用模型

B黨lmann-Straub model is one of the most famous applications of the Bayesian method for the experience rate making.However,by the traditional B黨lmann-Straub model one cannot get the unbiased posterior estimation of the parameters when there is not sufficient prior information for the structural parameters;What's more,the difficult of computing high dimension numeration limits the application of Bayesian method.This paper introduces the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulaton method based on the Gibbs sampling after analyzing the structure of the B黨lmann-Straub model and sets up the Bayesian credibility model for estimating the predictive risk premium.Also by using the results of the numeration analysis,this paper proves that from this model one can get the posterior distributions of the parameters dynamically and the posterior estimation of the censoring parameters in the situation that exists unknown parameters,as well as improve the precision of the numeration,which can be helpful to find the heterogeneity of the premium.     

基于情感体验的交互式包装设计与评价

包装不仅是商品的载体,也是品牌信息和情感体验的载体,是商品与消费者之间的信息沟通桥梁及商品体验营销的实现手段。以某护肤品包装设计为例,阐述了基于情感体验的本能层、行为层、反思层上的具体设计实践。同时,选取情感互动性、方便性、功能性、效率性、识别性5个评价指标,使用模糊综合评判法构建包装设计评价模型,对两个设计方案进行评价。方案一的评价结果为“良”,方案二的评价结果为“优”。