以人为本:英语提高阶段课程体系改革的思考——清华大学英语选修课课程设置学生问卷调查分析

清华大学外语系大学英语选修课教研室于2003年秋季学期在306名本科生中做了一次选修课课程设置的问卷调查。该问卷调查试图从选课目的、课程总体收获、具体学习收获、学习需求和存在问题等方面了解学生对英语提高阶段选修课的反馈意见。文章将对调查数据所展示的重要信息进行概要的介绍和分析,并就如何在课程设置改革中体现“以人为本”的思想提出了一些设想和建议。     

Problematic Progress in Asia: Growing Older and Apart

The purpose of this article is to describe the demographic dynamics in 14 Asian countries. The foreseen impacts on economic growth, income disparity, social stability, pension programs, retirement, health care insurance, and labor market are presented. Public policy recommendations are delineated.     

Tailored program evaluation: Past, present, future

This paper discusses measurement issues related to the evaluation of computer-tailored health behavior change programs. As the first generation of commercially available tailored products is utilized in health promotion programming, programmers and researchers are becoming aware of the unique challenges that the evaluation of these programs presents. A project is presented that used an online tailored health behavior assessment (HBA) in a worksite setting. Process and outcome evaluation methods are described and include the challenges faced, and strategies proposed and implemented, for meeting them. Implications for future research in tailored program development, implementation, and evaluation are also discussed.     

INTEGRATING PAID WORK AND FAMILY WORK

This qualitative study explores the nature and variation of parenting in the workplace (PIW) childcare practices in a purposive sample of 55 businesses that allowed employees to personally care for children at the workplace while simultaneously performing their job duties. Major findings indicate that although PIW occurred in a variety of industries and organizations of different sizes, the practice was limited to employees who held administrative type positions. Businesses supported PIW on an occasional basis for employees who experienced breakdowns in routine childcare arrangements or on a regular basis for employees who did not have continuing access to acceptable or affordable childcare. According to business representatives in this sample, the practice helped maintain worker productivity and decrease employee absenteeism but was supported only on the condition that employees accomplish work tasks and supervise well-behaved children. The author also considers what PIW might suggest about the relationship between paid work and family work in today's society. Because family and child well-being appeared to be secondary to business goals, theoretical and practice frameworks that align the needs of children and families with the needs of businesses should direct future research on parenting in the workplace. Insights about father involvement in PIW, implications of PIW for child development, and the potential of Border Theory and the Work-life Systems Framework to inform future PIW studies are addressed.

Este estudio cualitativo explora la naturaleza y la variación en el cuidado de los niños en el lugar del trabajo ‘parenting in the workplace’ (PIW) en una muestra planificada de 55 empresas que permitieron que los empleados cuiden personalmente a los niños en el lugar de trabajo mientras simultáneamente hacen sus deberes del trabajo. Los resultados principales indican que aunque PIW ocurrió en una variedad de industrias y organizaciones de tamaños diversos, la práctica era limitada a los empleados con papeles administrativos. Los negocios apoyaron PIW de vez en cuando para los empleados que experimentaron interrupciones en sus arreglos cotidianos para cuidar a sus niños o de manera habitual para los empleados que no tenían acceso a recursos aceptables o asequibles de cuidar a los niños. Según los representantes de negocios en esta muestra, la práctica fomentó el mantenimiento de la productividad del trabajador y disminuyó el ausentismo pero se apoyó solamente a condición de que los empleados lograran sus tareas de trabajo y que los niños se comportaran bien. El autor también considera qué PIW puede sugerir sobre la relación entre el trabajo pagado y el trabajo dentro de la familia en la sociedad de hoy. Ya que el bienestar de la familia y del niño pareció subordinado a las metas de negocio, es necesario que marcos de teoría y práctica que alinean las necesidades de niños y de familias con las necesidades de negocios deben dirigir la investigación futura sobre el cuidado de los niños en el lugar del trabajo. Se tratan también ideas sobre la participación de los padres en PIW, implicaciones de PIW para el desarrollo del niño, y la potencial de Border Theory (teoría de la frontera) y Work-life Systems Framework (marco de sistemas de trabajo-vida) para informar los estudios de PIW más adelante.     

A Review of Laura S. Young's Bookbinding & Conservation by Hand: A Working Guide

Abstract

University librarians in China face many of the same challenges related to serials management that confront librarians in the United States. The authors discuss the importance for librarians in the United States, especially those working with serials, to establish and build ties with librarians in other countries, such as China. Benefits of an exchange could include sharing information about best practices, exchange of serial materials, and working together on mutually advantageous projects. Acknowledging the growing interest in international library exchange programs, the authors relate their own institution's efforts to build international ties with Fudan University in Shanghai, China, and Shaanxi Normal University in Xi'an, China. In establishing these ties, the authors have traveled to China and interviewed librarians about serials acquisition, processing, and management.     

A novel approach for evaluating programs designed to serve military veterans: Using an adapted common components analysis

Evaluators are challenged to keep pace with the vast array of Veteran support programs operating in the United States, resulting in a situation in which many programs lack any evidence of impact. Due to this lack of evidence, there is no efficient way to suggest which programs are most effective in helping Veterans in need of support. One potential solution to this dilemma is to reconceptualize program evaluation, by moving away from evaluating programs individually to evaluating what is common across programs. The Common Components Analysis (CCA) is one such technique that aggregates findings from programs that have undergone rigorous evaluation at the level of program components (e.g., content, process, barrier reduction). Given that many Veteran programs lack outcome evidence from rigorous studies, an adaptation to CCA is needed. This report examines cross-sectional data from a pilot study using an adapted CCA across five domains of well-being (i.e., employment, education, legal/financial/housing, mental/physical health, and social/personal relationships). The purpose of this preliminary study is to determine the feasibility of eliciting program nominations and program components from Veterans via an online survey. When coupled with a longitudinal research design, this adaptation to CCA will allow for stronger causal claims about the expected impact of different program components within and across a variety of domains.     

美国“三重奏”大学生帮扶项目的实施、效果与启示

自1965年起,美国联邦政府逐渐建立起“三重奏”大学生帮扶项目体系,可视为是对以家庭第一代大学生为代表的低社会经济地位青年文化资本和社会资本储备不足问题的回应。作为该项目体系的三个初始子项目,“攀登极限”“人才发掘”“学生支持服务”主要通过提供学业辅导,帮助准备入学考试,提供各类资助信息并协助学生完成申请程序,提供参与文化活动机会等方式发挥作用。研究表明,“三重奏”体系有效提升了参与学生的录取率、保留率和毕业率。为进一步推进中国高等教育公平,借鉴美国经验,我们应重视对家庭第一代大学生的非经济支持,前置其介入时间并保持连续性,并注意发挥高等学校的主导性作用。     

Parental advice to preadolescent bystanders about how to intervene during bullying differs by form of bullying

The current study examined parental advice given to fourth‐ and fifth‐grade preadolescents who imagined being bystanders to different forms of bullying (physical, verbal, property attack, social manipulation, exclusion). We assessed the frequency with which parents advised youth to follow specific intervention strategies (stop the bully, help/comfort the victim, tell adults), and we tested whether the frequency by which parents provided each kind of advice varied by the form of bullying described. One hundred and six fourth‐ and fifth‐grade preadolescents completed an interaction in which their parent gave them advice about how to respond if they were bystanders to five hypothetical bullying situations. Each situation described a different form of bullying. Across forms of bullying, parents most frequently told bystander children to intervene by telling an adult. However, advice differed based on the form of bullying presented. Parents most frequently advised children to “tell an adult” in response to physical bullying or property attacks, most frequently advised children to “help/comfort victims” in response to social exclusion and physical attacks, and most frequently advised children to “stop the bully” in response to verbal and social manipulation bullying.     

电视栏目的独立视角与平民化诉求

由民生新闻带动的社会民生类节目,以其百姓的立场与视角、平民化的叙述方式,在日趋白热化的电视节目竞争中占得一席之地。然而,平民化中的＂低＂视角、＂浅＂内涵、＂俗＂文化,也把社会民生类节目引向低俗化,这一部分归因于节目本身在选题内容、表达方式、监督职能与互动设置上的过失性＂越位＂与蓄意性＂反越位＂,更深层次地归因于媒体追逐经济利益与满足受众低俗趣味的双重机制,致使社会民生类节目游走在平民化与低俗化之间。     

大众文化背景下大学生影视审美娱乐化探析

大众文化迅猛发展的背景下,大学生的影视审美呈现出娱乐化倾向。这一倾向的出现,主要是源于大众文化的强势渗透、影视文化的直观感性诱惑和大学生的紧张心理释放需求。影视审美娱乐化对大学生的思想观念、社会化进程及心理产生了双重影响。因此,要大力营造健康向上的文化氛围,引导和促进大学生影视审美健康发展。