共情对网络利他行为的影响：宽恕的中介作用

目的:调查研究共情对当代青年网络利他行为的影响以及宽恕在两者之间是否存在中介作用。方法:采用中文版人际反应指针量表,Hearland宽恕量表与网络利他行为量表对461名青年展开问卷调查。结果:青年宽恕、共情以及网络利他行为之间两两显著正相关;青年的共情和宽恕水平都对网络利他行为有正向预测作用,且宽恕在共情与网络利他行为中起部分中介作用。结论:共情能直接影响网络利他行为,也能通过影响宽恕而间接影响网络利他行为;宽恕在共情对网络利他行为的影响中起部分中介效应。     

麦琪——乔治·艾略特人本宗教的实践者

英国雏多利亚时期的女作家乔治·艾略特的长篇小说《弗洛斯河上的磨房》体现了作者的人本宗教思想。人本宗教思想认为人生是悲剧性的,人需要一种归属感,并需要建立一种新的人本的秩序,也就是道德的秩序。人本宗教提倡同情心、利他主义和自我牺牲,并通过它们实现人生和人类的至善。小说的女主人公麦琪是作者这一思想的实践者,她在成长的过程中,逐渐摒弃了利己主义,接纳了利他主义,形成并发展了同情心和自我牺牲,并通过它们实现了人生的至善,同时也促进了人性的升华,而对自己过去的眷恋和忠诚及其强烈的社会责任感是她坚持追求至善的动力。     

“I screamed but then realized nobody was listening”: Exploration of the presence of others during intrafamilial child sexual abuse through survivors' testimonies from the Israeli Independent Public Inquiry

Intrafamilial child sexual abuse (IFCSA) is perceived as a crime perpetrated without witnesses. Nevertheless, researchers have explored two main aspects of the others present during abusive incidents: bystanders in extra-familial child sexual abuse and bystanders' decisions of whether to become involved. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how children and survivors perceive and experience the presence of others during abusive incidents. The current study examined survivors' experiences and perceptions concerning the presence of others during IFCSA based on their written testimonies for an independent inquiry. Of the more than 500 written testimonies sent to an independent Israeli inquiry, 16 addressed IFCSA and the others present. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted, and four main themes were identified: survivors' perceptions of others, others' responses to the abuse, familial dynamics with others during abuse, and acceptance. The discussion addresses the phenomenon of the presence of others during IFCSA and related theories of trauma and family dynamics. The findings challenge the social perception of IFCSA as a secret, highlighting the awareness that characterizes it in reality, as illustrated in the survivors' testimonies. This emphasizes the urgent need for policy-makers and professionals to promote the publicness of IFCSA instead of maintaining its secrecy.     

From altruism to sociality: A switch in perception

The article critically reviews concepts and uses of the term altruism in relation to the emergence of the capitalist welfare state. It argues that altruism may be regarded as a fetishized representation of ‘sociality’ and that notions of altruism tend to obscure or distort understandings of the essential social interdependence that characterises humanity as a species. The article reaches back to anthropological evidence, to religious and philosophical influences, and to insights from scientific inquiry and it makes a case for a humanistic switch in perspective within the study of social policy.     

论道德的利他性与为我性的辩证统一

道德具有利他性,又隐藏着为我性,不能简单地以一个方面否定、排斥另一方面,现实生活中,道德的这两种属性互相兼容、互相渗透、互为条件、辩证统一。这种内在的辩证统一性,主要体现为三个方面：我为他人,他人为我;我为他人,方能为我;我为他人,“他”中有“我”。这两种属性要从道德规范的普通性、社会性来把握,而不是对个人具体行为的道德评价。