Women's Work in the Home

No abstract available for this article.     

CHAPTER 12: Services to Families During Three Stages of a Handicapped Person's Life

No abstract available for this article.     

Failure Probability Under Parameter Uncertainty

In many problems of risk analysis, failure is equivalent to the event of a random risk factor exceeding a given threshold. Failure probabilities can be controlled if a decisionmaker is able to set the threshold at an appropriate level. This abstract situation applies, for example, to environmental risks with infrastructure controls; to supply chain risks with inventory controls; and to insurance solvency risks with capital controls. However, uncertainty around the distribution of the risk factor implies that parameter error will be present and the measures taken to control failure probabilities may not be effective. We show that parameter uncertainty increases the probability (understood as expected frequency) of failures. For a large class of loss distributions, arising from increasing transformations of location‐scale families (including the log‐normal, Weibull, and Pareto distributions), the article shows that failure probabilities can be exactly calculated, as they are independent of the true (but unknown) parameters. Hence it is possible to obtain an explicit measure of the effect of parameter uncertainty on failure probability. Failure probability can be controlled in two different ways: (1) by reducing the nominal required failure probability, depending on the size of the available data set, and (2) by modifying of the distribution itself that is used to calculate the risk control. Approach (1) corresponds to a frequentist/regulatory view of probability, while approach (2) is consistent with a Bayesian/personalistic view. We furthermore show that the two approaches are consistent in achieving the required failure probability. Finally, we briefly discuss the effects of data pooling and its systemic risk implications.     

社会工作视域下的土家族族内社会支持网络特征研究

恩施土家族族内成员相同的心理与思维方式在人际关系、家庭、宗族和互助团体等社会支持网络上体现出了不同的特征,这些特征对于维系土家族地区当代社会的稳定具有重要意义。     

“The Compass of Our Life”: A Qualitative Study of Marriage and Faith Among Chinese Immigrants

Twenty highly religious Chinese Christian married couples (n = 40) were interviewed to examine how religious faith influenced their perceptions of marriage and family life. Most participants held advanced graduate degrees (14 PhD and 13 MS degrees). Their ages ranged from 28 to 66, and the number of children ranged from one to four. Grounded theory methods (including open coding and axial coding) were applied to analyze the data. Based on the interview data three emergent themes were identified: (1) Moving from atheism to theism (“God is love”), (2) changing perceptions of marriage (“Marriage is established by God”), and (3) a new priority (“Put God first”). Supporting qualitative data are presented in connection with each theme. Implications for research and practice related to Chinese immigrants’ marriage and family in the United States are discussed.     

Social Work with Homeless Mothers: A Strength-Based Solution-Focused Model

ABSTRACT

Social workers are increasingly called upon to provide services to homeless families, the vast majority of which are mother-headed. Drawing on empirical findings from the literature on homeless families and the practice literature on solution-focused and strength-based practice, this article describes and illustrates how principles and techniques of these two approaches to practice can be used to empower homeless mothers to resolve their housing crisis and restabilize their families after an episode of homelessness. Examples are given for how social workers can use these principles and techniques in various stages of the helping process.     

Spirituality and the Gay Latino Client

An essential element in providing social services to clients form diverse communities is an understanding of cultural norms and values. The importance of acknowledging the understanding the role of spiritual beliefs and practices in working with gay Latinos is paramount when one considers the strong influence that organized religion and alternate belief systems have had on the societal, cultural and familial lives of these clients. This article looks at the role of spirituality in working with gay Latino clients, and offers suggestions for enhanced service delivery.     

高校空巢老人问题研究

通过对某高校退休职工空巢老人的情况调研，揭示了目前高校空巢老人的基本情况，指出了对生活中体力活力不从心、遇到困惑问题没人商量、对生病的恐惧、无法排解思想上的空虚和孤独是高校空巢老人存在的主要困难与问题。提出了整合学校的资源，建立信息服务、社会服务、互助服务、救助服务等完备的服务体系，建立大学生志愿服务队伍、老年志愿服务队伍等对空巢老人提供具体服务，加强人文关怀以及努力营造全校性的尊老敬老的校园文化氛固等做好高校空巢老人帮扶工作的有效途径。     

江南文化与江南诗学笔谈

刘士林认为,北方话语哺育了中国民族的道德实践能力,而从江南话语中则开辟出这个以实用著称于世的古老民族的审美精神一脉。江南话语是中国诗性话语体系的一个专门执行审美功能的元叙事。要使江南按照它的本来面目在当代世界中澄明出来,一种关于江南话语的语言本体论意识是惟一的桥梁。徐雁平认为,以学术和文学为特色的江南世家图景的绘制工作,才刚刚开始,它的展开与深入,必须建立在对清人诗文集和家谱族谱等文献的梳理排比基础之上。只有在注意到每个诗学世家的不同性(如海宁查氏、德清俞氏)的同时,又能以多视角观照问题,才能绘制出细节丰富的江南世家图景。朱逸宁认为,在江南文化的发展史上,晚唐五代是一个十分重要的历史阶段,因为正是在这一时期,江南出现了一些值得我们关注的文化现象和人物,江南的精神气质也发生了重要的变化。并从此开始取代北方成为中国诗性文化的象征。耿波认为,在明清时代的江南城市文化语境中,士人之间的关系逐渐变成了互利互惠的组织化。士人之间互通声气,互相援系,为了能在城市文化生产的逻辑中生存而结成了一个"共同体"。江南士人在城市文化语境中所产生的那种在张扬个体和"士志于道"的事业之间寻求调和的深微刻苦精神心态是城市文化中最富诗意的因素。江南士人的情性状态