The University in Botswana and the liberation struggle in southern Africa (1973–1980)

This article documents key aspects of the role played by University students in Botswana in the liberation struggle, from the early years of the University in the mid‐1960s to the year of Zimbabwe’s independence in 1980. Three demonstrations by University students are analysed, and the article concludes that, contrary to the received literature, the University contributed to the liberation struggle in a meaningful way. Although students at the University continued to play a part in the liberation struggle after 1980, this period is not discussed as the liberation struggle became just one of the key agenda items in a broadened political programme that focussed on local concerns of the students such as fees, allowances, institutional governance and democratisation.     

论《失去的金铃子》中聂华苓对女性解放主题的追问与反思

自"五四"时期到当下社会,女性解放的主题在许多作家笔下都有不同层面的展现。在《失去的金铃子》中,聂华苓用隽永而深切的笔触描绘了故乡三斗坪的风土人情,也用细腻而婉转的调子奏响了女性的生命之歌。聂华苓深邃的思想并未停留在呼唤女性解放的表层,而是探入人性、世事深处,挖掘出女性解放遇到的种种人性问题与人生困惑,寄予了作者深深的忧思与无限期望。     

Body Composition and Physical Self-Concept in Older Women

ABSTRACT

We sought to determine the performance and anthropometric correlates of physical self-concept and self-esteem and to observe whether long-term resistance training would alter these variables in postmenopausal women. Forty-four nonsmoking, community-dwelling, Caucasian women aged 50–75 years participated in the study. Half of the subjects participated in a 9-month regimen of weight-bearing exercises performed 3 times per week which emphasized lower body muscle strength and power development. At baseline, total body fat was negatively associated with physical self-concept and perception of physical appearance but not with self-esteem. Perception of physical appearance improved in both exercisers and controls after the 9-month trial but was most noticeable in exercisers who had low self-esteem at baseline. The only predictor of improvement in perception of physical appearance was a decrease in lower body fat mass. Minimal or nonsignificant change in psychological measures associated with the training may be due to high initial values.     

Sexual Messages in Black and White: A discourse analysis of Essence and Cosmo

The research presented employed critical discourse analysis to examine advice columns on sex and women's sexual freedom as expressed in two popular women's magazines, Essence and Cosmopolitan, over a three-year period. Essence has a Black female audience, Cosmo a predominantly White female audience. Critical discourse analysis is concerned with language as a primary force for the production and reproduction of ideology and belief systems that come to be accepted as common sense. The study asked whether and to what extent sex talk in these two magazines mirrored tenets of sexual liberation as set forth by “second-wave feminism.” Findings showed that while both magazines reinforced women's right to sexual pleasure and to ask for what they wanted, Essence came closest to mirroring the tenets of women's liberation by advocating women's right to say no to men's bad behavior and to be their own persons. By contrast, Cosmo advised women to be innovative in exciting and keeping their men and to be more flexible in managing men's less than desirable behavior.     

《新青年》舆论空间中的“女性解放”

"娜拉"在"五四"启蒙话语中的显赫位置,与其最初的传播载体《新青年》杂志是绝对分不开的。该文将回到《新青年》现场,论述女性解放话语在《新青年》所创造的舆论空间中的展开情况。女子问题与对于家庭—宗法制度的全面批判,有着密切关系,这构成了中国女性解放话语兴起的特殊背景。女性解放话语在酝酿、延展的同时,被愈益引向知识分子启蒙规划的方向。     

“异化劳动”与“以人为本”——重读马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》

马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》为什么在前苏联和中国会发生争论？一个原因就是研究者未能从工业化、现代化的视角进行阅读,而只是从阶级斗争的视角去阅读;另一个原因,就是研究者把它与列宁的《唯物主义与经验批判主义》和斯大林的《联共（布）党史简明教程》四章二节“辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义”对立起来阅读,所以研究者们长期以来把马克思的这一手稿看作是早期的不成熟的著作,从而贬损了手稿的科学价值和现代意义。现在看来这是完全不对的。我们从资本主义工业化、现代化的视觉来看,却能体会到另一番新意。马克思是从生产方式的变革上来揭示人类社会发展的,资本主义现代化,把劳动、资本和土地作为生产力的要素和生产关系的实现形式,资本创造利润,土地创造地租,工人劳动获得工资,资本家通过资本、土地不断地使资本增值,而工人通过劳动所得的工资,只能勉强维持其劳动力的再生产。资本家越来越富,工人越来越贫穷,两极对立贫富悬殊扩大,出现了工人运动。工人运动带领无产阶级展开对资产阶级的斗争。而要进行斗争必须要研究工人劳动现状,研究劳动异化;承认劳动异化就必须研究改变异化劳动这个经济事实;要改变异化劳动这个经济事实,就必须把工人当成社会的人;要把工人当成社会的人,而不是物,就必须坚持以人为本。这是马克思主义的根本问题,不仅不能否认,而且很值得我们认真研究,并努力解决这个根本问题。     

对邓小平与西藏和平解放之关系的历史考察和再认识

在20世纪50年代初西藏和平解放这一重大历史事件中,作为中共中央西南局第一书记的邓小平居功至伟.邓小平在西藏和平解放的历史进程中不可替代的重要地位和作用可归纳和概括为6个方面:接受解放西藏的神圣使命;指导调查研究,设计、拟定解决方案和具体对策;推动交通保障与物资补给问题之解决;指挥昌都战役,掌握解放西藏主动权;保障和平谈判;贯彻落实"十七条协议".     

解放思想:推进马克思主义中国化的重要法宝——论改革开放30年解放思想的基本经验

回顾改革开放30年的辉煌历史,总结30年解放思想的基本经验,最根本的是在解放思想过程中,始终坚持中国共产党的领导、马克思主义的指导,把坚持党的领导和发展马克思主义有机结合起来;始终坚持社会主义初级阶段的基本国情、实践是检验真理的唯一标准,把坚持社会主义初级阶段的长期性和实践是检验真理的唯一标准的重要性有机结合起来;始终坚持和发扬与时俱进、求真务实精神,把推进中国特色社会主义事业的改革和党的建设新的伟大工程的创新有机结合起来:始终坚持科学发展观的指导方针、新一轮继续解放思想的重大意义,把贯彻落实科学发展观的科学内涵、精神实质和新一轮继续解放思想的目标内容、对象方式有机结合起来,以改革创新精神推动中国特色社会主义事业向前发展.     

辛亥革命前后的欧化思潮

辛亥革命前后,中国出现了“醉心欧化”的思潮,他们激烈地批判中国传统文化,宣扬西方文明,主张以欧化为中国唯一出路。欧化思潮与国粹思潮既相冲突、又相调和的关系,显示了20世纪初年中国思想界的复杂性。欧化思潮是其后新文化运动文化激进主义的先驱和渊源,对于20世纪中国趋新文化主流地位的奠定具有重要意义,同时它所反映的心理革命,为辛亥革命前后的政治进步提供了社会心理基础。     

三次解放思想论的启示意义

我党在八十多年历史中,有三次解放思想论,即毛泽东的解放思想论、邓小平的解放思想论、江泽民的解放思想论。对这三次解放思想论进行回顾和研究,把握其实质,对我们今天进行党的建设有深刻的启示意义。