论高校政府采购与招投标管理长效机制的建立与完善

以往,高校招标采购存在多头管理、随意性大和规模效益难以优化等问题,高校政府采购与招投标制度建设的创新与完善,可以从建立招投标管理常设机构、准备工作规范、采购预算的编制与执行、招标采购审计制度、项目验收机制的不断健全、建立采购项目绩效评价机制等方面入手。     

推进户籍制度改革面临的深层次问题

户籍制度改革是一个系统工程,涉及方方面面的问题。户籍制度改革重在赋权和增利,即通过一系列改革,让农民与市民享有同等权利,获得同等利益,拥有同等福利。一旦在城乡实现基本公共服务均等化,城乡分割的户籍制度就自然消亡。我国之所以会出现人口城市化严重滞后于土地城市化,在于土地制度改革未能取得突破性进程,“土地价格剪刀差”成为地方政府财政收入的重要来源。只有转变政府职能,使地方政府从经济建设型政府转变为公共服务型政府,才能为城乡基本公共服务均等化创造体制性条件。     

地方政府竞争、征税成本与金融资产质量

本文从理论和实证两方面探讨了在地方政府竞争背景下,地方政府征税成本对货币发行与地区金融资产质量的影响.本文的研究发现由于从金融部门荻取金融资源这一外部性很强的方式成为地方政府间竞争的重要手段,其后果将使地方政府特别是难以获得充足税收收入的地方政府更倾向于通过干预金融部门为公共投资融资,这构成了引起地方金融资产质量下降,金融生态环境难以改善的重要制度性原因.本文认为只有继续深化金融改革,提高金融部门独立性,并且使地方政府财权和事权相适应,才可能正确引导地方政府积极性.使地方财政和金融两方面都步入良性循环的轨道.     

政府公共警告不作为与作为的赔偿责任分析

具有政府公共警告职责的行政机关的行政不作为直接或间接损害公民合法权益,该行政机关需承担相应责任。行政不作为导致损害赔偿责任分配应遵循按份责任原则。公共警告行政作为侵权责任的认定主要采用违法归责原则。行政机关的公共警告信息形成于法有据、程序正确,即使发布的信息错误或不准确,也不应承担法律责任。     

公共财政与中国国民收入的高储蓄倾向(英文)

本文将国有企业从“企业部门”中分离出来,与“政府部门”合并为“公共部门”,其储蓄率称为“公共部门储蓄率”;并将非国有企业与居民合并为“私人部门”,其储蓄率称为“私人部门储蓄率”。据此提出的中国高储蓄率的公共财政假说认为：2000年以来中国储蓄率持续高涨,是由政府的赢利性动机及其对公共财政职能产生的挤出效应推动的,并带来了公共支出的不足。结果,居民和非国有企业不得不增加预防性储蓄。利用我国1996--2006年30个省面板实证检验的结果验证了此假说。     

The Rule of Law Approach to Government Governance in China*

Chinese government governance involves the two dimensions of autonomy and co-governance. The process of moving from government management to government governance is a synchronous process of moving from government by a legal system to a “rule of law” government. Such governance coincides with the rule of law in terms of fundamental guarantees, governance frameworks, intrinsic values, external forms, goal pursuits and construction paths and lays the foundation for the realization of government governance. The multi-subject structure, multiplicity of rules and regulations, interaction of processes, diversity of modes and complexity of disputes in this form of governance place new demands on the construction of the rule of law. In response to these needs, we should improve the government’s functional orientation and the disposition of its powers by means of statute law; expand the types of administrative bodies and improve the laws on administrative organizations; enrich the sources of law; use consensus rules to improve controlling rules; be guided by interactivity in improving the administrative procedure system; normalize diversified administrative behavior; and establish multiple dispute resolution mechanisms and strengthen right relief. This will highlight the rule of law path taken by government governance. In the course of the integration and interaction of such governance with the rule of law, we will need to coordinate our responses to its latent risks, such as governance pitfalls and the limitations of the rule of law.     

Responsive Government: The Diversity and Institutional Performance of Online Political Deliberation Systems

Along with innovation in ICT technology and the spread of the internet, the online network, through its “technological empowerment” of citizens and governments, has driven a series of institutional changes designed to promote government responsiveness. The global spread of online political deliberation is indeed an achievement of the internet-driven construction of responsive government. In recent years, the Chinese government has vigorously promoted online political deliberation, established virtual platforms to build bridges between netizens and public power, brought internet activism into institutional channels, and implemented political absorption and online consultation. Under the influence of policy initiatives and local innovations, China has created diversified response systems that strengthen the institutionalization of online political deliberation and thereby enable this system to play an active role in improving government capacity and regulating the relationship between the state and society. At present, China has seven types of online response: the Communist Party Committee-led mode, the mixed mode, the government-led mode and the modes led by the departments in charge of absorption, business, supervision departments, and petitioning. Empirical studies show that the diversity and degree of institutionalization of online political deliberation significantly affect institutional performance and that political authority and professionalism are important features that enable the different response systems to influence institutional performance. In short, the endogenous elements of the response system—level of institutionalization and institutional diversity—are key factors in institutional performance.     

凭单制购买养老服务中的问题与成因——以北京市养老服务券政策为例

2008年以来,北京市开始尝试凭单制购买养老服务这一方式,帮助老年人在社区养老,同时对社区养老服务企业进行鼓励和扶助。但是在实践中出现了养老服务券贬值、违规兑换现金等问题。原因在于政府、企业、老年人之间不能有效互动,以及老年人主导地位的缺失。政府在这一政策中的地位至关重要,其角色应该由服务的"指挥员"转变为"服务员"或"裁判员"。     

地方政府债务风险规制的博弈分析

以博弈论为分析工具,文章建立了中央政府与地方政府的静态博弈支付矩阵,通过引入地方政府过度举债被中央政府监管发现后所付出的成本、地方政府债务风险被媒体曝光而导致公众的担忧等变量,在一定程度上解释了中央政府和地方政府在债务风险控制上达成一致的均衡条件;由于地方政府间在发展经济过程中存在竞争关系,因此文章考察了地方政府间举债发展的重复博弈模型,通过引入奖励变量,改变了地方政府过度举债的纳什均衡解。结论为中央政府严格监管与适当奖励的搭配使用可以把地方政府的债务风险规制在合理的水平。     

中国社会转型期政府对集体谈判制度的推进研究

处于社会转型期的中国,随着经济的进一步发展,我国的劳资关系呈现多元化、复杂化的趋势,劳资矛盾日渐尖锐。集体谈判制度作为缓解劳资矛盾的重要手段,其作用在我国也日益凸显。在2011年3月举行的十一届全国人大四次会议中,全国总工会副主席、书记处书记张鸣表示,已经建立了工会的企业,今年底要有60%实行工资集体协商,到2013年底,力争实行工资集体协商制度的企业占已建工会企业的80%以上。但近年来的实践表明,我国的集体谈判制度发展并不是一帆风顺的。政府应如何在这一关键时期积极推进集体谈判制度在中国的发展是文章讨论的重点内容。