Movement patterns of threeAthalia sawflies in relation to the spatio-temporal distributions of their habitats

Summary I compared the differences in the movement intensity of three species of sympatricAthalia sawflies,A. japonica, A. rosae andA. infumata feeding on cruciferous plants. Mark-release-recapture census was conducted to estimate movement distance, sex ratio and age composition of adult sawflies. In addition, the sex ratio of newlyemerged adults was examined by rearing field-collected larvae until adult emergence. Age composition and longevity of adults were estimated experimentally. The movement intensity was evaluated mostly with the indirect information thus obtained. Females moved more actively than males in all three sawflies.A. japonica females of all age classes moved actively in spring and autumn, but in summer they disappeared. Also,A. rosae females of all age classes moved actively in spring and autumn. In summer, in contrast withA. japonica, A. rosae females moved most actively among the three species in all seasons.A. infumata females, in particular the young females, moved most actively among the three species, exceptA rosae in summer. The movement patterns of the three sawflies were deduced in relation to the spatio-temporal distributions of their habitats. In spring and autumn, when host plants were abundant,A. japonica andA. rosae females were dispersed among the host patches within the census are. In summer, however, when host plants were scarce,A. japonica entered diapause, whereasA. rosae migrated to neighboring areas. On the other hand,A. infumata, in particular young famale, innately dispersed to seek for temporary host plants throughout the census seasons.     

农村出生性别比升高的分析——社区生育文化的视角

本文通过在海南省海口市近郊农村的实地调查指出,农村宗族现象的存在、社会保险制度的不健全、家庭老年人的压力和社区控制的失灵既使传统社区生育文化得以存在和延续,又强化了村民们的传统生育意愿与行为,而传统社区生育文化与村民生育意愿、行为相互建构、相互支持,从而导致社区出生性别比失调.应发挥农村社区熟人社会的优势,将社区作为控制出生性别比升高的一个重要平台,大力提高女性地位,营造两性平等的社区氛围,通过各种措施重塑新的社区生育文化,从根本上解决出生性别比问题.     

中国乡城人口流动与城镇出生人口性别比——基于“五普”数据的分析

本文利用中国第五次人口普查1‰抽样数据,以城镇区域人口为重点,定量分析了农村人口流动对城镇地区人口出生性别比,以及农村流入城镇人口子女性别的影响。研究发现,中国农村未流动人口、农村流入城镇人口和城镇非农村流入人口的出生性别比均偏离了出生性别比的正常水平,农村人口流动影响了城镇地区生育性别,农村流入城镇人口相对较强的男孩偏好观念加剧了城镇地区出生性别比偏高。     

Variation in offspring size within a population of the web-building spiderAgelena limbata

Within a population of the web-building spiderAgelena limbata, the weight of the first instar nymphs ranged from 1.187 to 6.559 mg. Both intraclutch and interclutch variation were recorded. The mean weights were different among clutches and the coefficients of variation within a clutch ranged from 3.3 to 29.2%. Variation in the nymphal weight was certainly derived from variation in the egg weight because there was a high correlation between the two weights. Factors affecting interclutch variation in nymphal weight were examined by multiple regression analysis. Nymphal weight was positively correlated with the body size and food conditions of female parents, and negatively correlated with the clutch size. Among these three factors, the food conditions of female parents had the largest apparent effect on the interclutch variation. The results suggest that females with larger body size and more food produce larger offspring, and that there is a trade-off between offspring size and clutch size. Heavier nymphs had larger body size (carapace width) and may have larger energy reserves. Heavier nymphs survived experimental starvation for a significantly longer period.     

中国老年人口状况的国际比较分析

随中国人口老龄化进程加快,老年人口问题日益引起重视。本文仅从人口学角度对老年人口的规模、速度、构成进行实证分析。     

中国女性老年人口状况分析

女性老年人口自身的特点决定了女性老年人口问题具有一定的特殊性。本文利用五普数据,详细分析了中国女性年人口的基本状况,包括:人口特征、社会特征和经济特征等,并与四普时的相关状况进行对比,指出了我国女性老年人口的基本现状与存在问题。     

中国老年人口高龄化趋势及原因的国际比较分析

进入本世纪 ,在人口老龄化速度加快的同时 ,老年人口将呈现高龄化趋势。本文运用历次人口普查资料 ,对我国老年人口年龄结构及高龄老人规模变动趋势、成因及所带来的影响进行了分析。通过国际比较 ,对我国老年人口高龄化程度及高龄老年人口状况有一较客观的认识。与发达国家相比 ,我国老年人口高龄化进程在很大程度上受出生人口队列影响 ,同时死亡率下降的作用在逐渐增大。老年人口高龄化趋势将使孤寡老人及老年妇女问题尤为突出。     

改革时代的改革小说——重读《沉重的翅膀》

《沉重的翅膀》是“集体创作”的成果,在写作中张洁参考了广大读者的意见,文学批评界的意见,文学编辑的意见。《沉重的翅膀》的题材效应大于其文学价值,但这不等于说《沉重的翅膀》是一篇毫无艺术性可言的作品,《沉重的翅膀》不仅表现了社会的政治斗争,还以作者特有的女性视角表现了人物的家庭生活,融进了作者的个人人生经验,体现了张洁对爱情、命运的深层思考,这使这部小说超越了一般改革文学的局限。     

从《生活周刊》征婚广告透视80后女大学生婚姻观

抽样采集2010年度刊登于《生活周刊》的289条80后大学生征婚广告,运用内容分析法对文本进行统计分析,其统计数据客观揭示了80后女大学生的婚姻观：经济条件仍是80后女大学生关注的焦点,对基于性因素的传统般配模式高度认同,而与情感相关的因素却尚未得到足够重视。     

从性别视角看90后女性命名现象和动因

对照男女传统命名格局,以某校女大学生为考察对象,总结出90后女性的命名特点为：仍沿袭传统常用类别和高频用字,特有的构词方式是叠音和儿化,辈分用字淡出,出现＂父姓＋母姓＋名＂形式,使用阴阳五行用字和男性名用字等。说明传统的＂男尊女卑＂、＂男强女弱＂等性别刻板印象仍存在并影响着90后女性的命名,但＂男女平等＂的思潮使90后女性命名出现性别淡化的趋势。