能力论视角的组织一体化及其治理机制

企业能力论认为,组织一体化和非一体化的存在基础是组织间存在不同程度的差异,这种差异的根源在于各个组织具有不同能力。认知与能力(知识)的性质决定了组织采用什么样的形式。一体化与非一体化组织都要建立适当的治理机制,信任对于企业的创新成功意义重大。     

论成功教育的实施途径—基于黄石三中对学业不良高中生成功教育课题实践的探索

成功教育的有效实施途径主要有六种，即教师必须积极构建和谐的校园环境，优化隐性课程；必须立足学科教学，抓实学科课程渗透；增设专门课程，开展心理素质专题训练；关注学生个体需求，提供个别心理辅导；关注学生行为习惯齐成，实施德育和班主任工作渗透；开挖学生潜能，培养学生兴趣和特长。     

协作网络下的组织环境理论综述

本文主要对协作网络下的三种不同组织环境理论进行综述。这三种理论分别是种群生态理论、综合分析理论和资源依赖理论。群体生态学观点给予我们对整体环境的理解 ,而资源依赖理论则提供了企业如何在特定环境下竞争的线索。本文认为 ,不同理论提供不同的角度来看待事物 ,管理者因此能够参考众多的看法 ,从而对管理现象有较全面的认识。     

Managers' attitudes about firm responsibilities

A mail survey was conducted in order to investigate whether the importance a manager attaches to corporate ethical and legal responsibilities varies according to personality characteristics, demographic variables, or the perceived moral climates in the manager's firm. Respondents were middle- and lower-level managers in 112 for-profit businesses located throughout the United States. As expected, attitudes about corporate ethical responsibility were significantly related to (1) the individual's capacity for empathy and (2) a perceived caring climate in the firm; attitudes about corporate legal responsibility were significantly related to (1) the individual's hierarchical position and (2) an organizational climate perceived to be supportive of law.Data collection for this research was subsidized by the Old Dominion University Research Foundation and the ODU College of Business and Public Administration Bureau of Research.     

Job creation: New work for women?

The movement of some women into self employment is considered in this paper. It is argued that if this movement is to be successful, and thus have any influence on the equality of employment opportunities, then it is necessary for the business ventures involved to be run strategically rather than operationally. It is also argued that there must be greater scope and encouragement for innovation in this area, otherwise there is a danger of mirroring, in new business formation, the structure of inequality that applies to the formal, and declining, structure of current employment. Finally, the paper examines the need for women's entrepreneurial ventures to be better accepted by and integrated into the wider social fabric. The potential sources of stress and of satisfaction in women's self employment are noted.     

Community is not a Place but a Relationship<Superscript>1</Superscript>: Lessons for Organizational Development

The premise of this article is that organizations need to be “organized” differently if we want to re-invigorate the power of community in contemporary life. A central theme within the current reform movement toward restorative justice is the devolution of authority from formal governmental systems to community. In order to effectively socialize young people, communities and families must perform certain functions well. As more and more societal activities take place within organizations, we face the dilemma that the weakened communities create a demand for increasing involvement of public organizations in the life of the community. Yet modern organizations do not effectively perform functions unique to families and communities. Drawing on insights from a unique community-system partnership in restorative peacemaking circles, this paper argues we may need to reinvent our organizations so that they learn to behave as members of the community. ¹This apt phrase and fundamental insight about the meaning of community came from the seminal article by Paul McCold and Benjamin Wachtel (1998).     

Women and toxic waste protests: Race,class and gender as resources of resistance

In recent years, women have been at the forefront of grassroot toxic waste protests in the United States. Out of their experience of protest, women construct ideologies of environmental justice, which reveal broader issues of inequality underlying environmental hazards. I examine the environmental discourse of white working class, African American and Native American women activists. The voices of these women show the ways in which their traditional role as mothers becomes a resource for their resistance. At the same time, their emerging analysis of environmental justice is mediated by different experiences of class, race, and ethnicity.     

Learning from the Piper Alpha Accident: A Postmortem Analysis of Technical and Organizational Factors

The accident that occurred on board the offshore platform Piper Alpha in July 1988 killed 167 people and cost billions of dollars in property damage. It was caused by a massive fire, which was not the result of an unpredictable "act of God" but of an accumulation of errors and questionable decisions. Most of them were rooted in the organization, its structure, procedures, and culture. This paper analyzes the accident scenario using the risk analysis framework, determines which human decision and actions influenced the occurrence of the basic events, and then identifies the organizational roots of these decisions and actions. These organizational factors are generalizable to other industries and engineering systems. They include flaws in the design guidelines and design practices (e.g., tight physical couplings or insufficient redundancies), misguided priorities in the management of the tradeoff between productivity and safety, mistakes in the management of the personnel on board, and errors of judgment in the process by which financial pressures are applied on the production sector (i.e., the oil companies' definition of profit centers) resulting in deficiencies in inspection and maintenance operations. This analytical approach allows identification of risk management measures that go beyond the purely technical (e.g., add redundancies to a safety system) and also include improvements of management practices.     

基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型及案例研究

结合新兴技术的特点,在动态能力组织学习模型研究成果的基础上,提出了一个基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型。结合该模型探讨了企业动态能力推动新兴技术演化的路径。并以SONY Walkman的演化过程为例对模型进行了检验,结果表明动态能力的形成有利于新兴技术的演化。     

中外跨文化团队合作的成功因素分析

随着我国国际化程度的不断加强,跨文化交流与合作越来越频繁,企业的国际化更多地面临着多样性的挑战,特别是文化的多样性能否给企业带来优势是很多企业面临的重要命题,其中跨文化团队的合作成功与否对于国际化企业有着重要的影响。文章从文化理论出发,以中欧学生团队作为实证分析的基础,探讨了中外跨文化团队的成功因素。