1957年费孝通重建社会学的遭遇

1952年院系调整后,社会学专业被取消,社会学研究者大部分被迫改行.1956年,如何发挥知识分子积极性的问题引起国家的重视,毛泽东提出了双百方针.面对相对宽松的政治环境和社会转型期大量亟待研究的社会经济问题,费孝通、吴景超等老一代社会学家启动了社会学重建运动.但是,反右运动中断了社会学重建的进程,由于被定性为反党反社会主义的"资产阶级社会学"复辟运动,参与重建运动的社会学家遭到政治上的整肃,有的甚至被划成右派分子,如费孝通,遭遇了疾风暴雨式的大批判.社会学重建的中断造成学术传承的断裂,社会学、经济学、法学、政治学等"资产阶级社会科学"被认为是伪科学、反动的学科,在中国大陆被迫中断近30年.     

涂尔干道德社会学方法、内容及启示

鉴于涂尔干的道德社会学对处于转型期的中国具有借鉴意义,结合相关资料分析了涂尔干道德社会学的方法和内容。分析认为,涂尔干提倡道德科学,希望遵循严格的方法建构基于不同主体的实在道德;在其道德体系中贯穿着对职业群体的重视,体现了涂尔干介于社会主义与自由主义之间社群主义的思想,也体现了其借助职业伦理应对社会失范的思路。分析结果表明,虽然涂尔干的道德社会学对转型期的中国具有一定借鉴意义,但是人们应避免＂学西＂中的＂问题错位＂。     

女性主义文学批评综述

女性主义文学批评是妇女解放运动在文学批评界的分支,具有相当的社会价值.本文试图通过梳理女性主义文学批评的发展脉络、分析评述其重要的理论观点,进而把握女性主义批评的精髓要义,廓清其在后现代文化背景下的前景 和走向.     

理想化的现代女性--《永别了,武器》中凯瑟琳的形象

许多学者喜欢从海明威本人的传奇经历和他作品中的众多"硬汉"形象入手对其作品进行品评,甚至认为海明威是一位不尊重女性的作家,这实际上是对这位享有世界声誉的作家的误解.从女性主义理论的视角,对其<永剐了,武器>中的凯瑟琳的形象进行分析,提出这一人物是海明威笔下的现代的被理想化的现代女人.从而认为海明威是一位具有强烈女性意识的作家,他的作品真实而形象地记录了那个时代女性的精神状态和生存状态.     

宗教社会学在中国

作为一门社会科学,宗教社会学是改革开放后才在中国起步的一个新兴学科。从改革开放到20世纪末,此学科的发展可分为思想准备、引进介绍、逐步生根三个阶段;从世纪之交以来,此学科正在走向成熟。宗教社会学在中国经历了生根发芽、开花结果的发展历程,在各个时期的发展具有不同的特点。     

Joan Acker and the shift from patriarchy to gender

Feminist sociologist Joan Acker is most commonly cited as one of the first to theorize how gender gets institutionalized in organizations and workplaces. But this project was actually an application of a more general theoretical turn in the field Acker was promoting. Acker was centrally involved in an important feminist sociological conversation about whether we should continue to theorize and study ‘patriarchy' or whether our focus should shift to ‘gender'. She argued for the latter and played an influential role in convincing the field to follow this suggestion.     

Collective‐unconscious apologetics of plutocracy and oligarchy: Chicago economics' ideological preferences revealed by the sociology of knowledge

The article places and analyzes the Chicago school of economics within the framework of Mannheim's sociology of knowledge or ideas that posits and documents social determinants of ideas and ideologies. This framework reveals the Chicago school as the explicit or implicit ideology and utopia of plutocracy, oligarchy and aristocracy in the sense of apologetics of these social classes and/or systems, thus being the class form of ‘apologetic economics’. Specifically, first, Chicago economics reveals itself as the collective‐unconscious apologetics of plutocracy, oligarchy and aristocracy. Second, it appears as the ‘collective‐conscious’ apologetics in this respect. In addition, it come close to the mostly covert collective‐unconscious or conscious apologetics of theocracy and fascism. The article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the social, in particular class, factors of Chicago and related schools of economics and generally of economic ideas, theories and policies by applying Mannheim's sociology of knowledge, especially its emphasis on the collective unconscious as the source of ideology.     

The dual contingencies of ethnoraciality: Status-context disparities in health information sources among sexual minorities

Researchers often explore health (care) beliefs as a function of individual characteristics; yet, few consider the role of context in shaping both beliefs and the behaviors that are informed by them. As a sociopolitical construct, ethnoraciality provides a concerning source of bias in studies of health (care) beliefs because it inhabits both individual and contextual forms. This study examines whether the ethnoracial context of the residential area where sexual minorities live is associated with a particular health (care) belief – sources of trustworthy health information – and considers how ethnoracial group membership status differentiates these ecological associations drawing on mediation and moderation models. Using data from the 2010 Social Justice Sexuality Project, our analysis shows that sexual minorities who live with high concentrations of Latinos and Whites are less likely to rely exclusively on medical professionals for trustworthy health information than those who live with high concentrations of Blacks. Moreover, exclusive reliance on medical professionals for health information among Black and Latino sexual minorities is stronger in co-ethnic communities (predominately Black and Latino areas, respectively). The analysis also documents status and contextual differentials and status-context contingencies of reliance on the Internet, social networks, and multiple agents (“triangulation”) as sources of health information. Findings suggest that place-based co-ethnic networks may facilitate disease prevention among Black and Latino sexual minorities by improving the quality of their relationships with sick role gatekeepers and breaking down the silos of the medical complex. The study concludes by considering the value of a place-based approach to alleviating health disparities among sexual minorities vis-à-vis the health care system.     

Gender and Power: Sex Segregation in American and Polish Higher Education as a Case Study

This article presents a comparative case study of the manifestation of sex segregation in higher education in the United States and in Poland from the end of the 19th century to the 1930s. The study is guided by a theoretical framework, which is organized around a concept of power and derived from The Sources of Social Power by Michael Mann (1986). In the United States, well-developed capitalism, democracy, and the ideology of separate spheres underlay the high collective power of men, their distributive power over women and—consequently—high levels of sex segregation in higher education. Contrastly, in Poland, weak capitalism and lack of democracy meant less collective and distributive power of men, which produced lower levels of educational sex segregation.     

Durkheim's contribution to the sociological analysis of history

Emile Durkheim has long been viewed as one of the founders of the so-called variables-oriented approach to sociological investigation. This view ignores his considerable achievements using the methodology of “case-based” historical analysis, most prominent among them, his lectures on the history of French education (The Evolution of Educational Thought).In this paper I first outline the intimate relationship that Durkheim envisioned between historical and sociological investigation. I then turn to his work on French education for substantive illustrations of his approach. Finally, I explore certain points of intersection between Durkheim's approach to history and present-day concerns, especially in regard to the role of culture in history and the opposition between prospective and retrospective (“teleological”) strategies of historical analysis.