A play for rurality – Modernization versus local autonomy

It is common to understand the governing of rural space as the outcome of a conflict between some romantic protectors of a lost past on the one hand, and the people who worry about creating economic values on the other. However, the power to shape the rural should not only be searched for in the open struggle between protectors and developers, but also should be analysed at the level of discourse, in the play between discourses about how to deal with the rural. In this paper I therefore present a modernist discourse and demonstrate how taken-for-granted truths about the rural – its history, its present and its future – are made possible by this discourse. Secondly, I will reveal how rurality takes on a different meaning in an alternative to the modernist discourse, emphasizing local and regional autonomy. In demonstrating that rurality is contingent upon a play between these two discourses, I want to provide some new insights into an important force behind the persistence of ideas about rurality in Norway.     

How Sunday, price, and social norms influence donation behaviour

We describe a natural field experiment investigating donation behaviour. The setting was an art gallery where donations could be deposited into a transparent box in the foyer. Two aspects of the donation environment were manipulated: signs on the donation box and the initial contents of the box. We used three sign treatments: a control with no sign, a sign that thanked donors, and a sign that indicated donations would be matched. We used two initial contents treatments: one with relatively little money ($50) and one with four times as much. The average donation per donor was significantly larger in the $200 treatments but this was offset by a decrease in the propensity to donate. In the matching treatments donations were significantly larger both at the per donor and per visitor level. A control variable turned out to have the largest influence on donation behaviour: the day of the week. The average donation per visitor was 51% higher on Sundays, when compared to every other day of the week.     

Reactions of students to different settings of field experience

The study assessed Israeli students’ emotional–experiential reaction and attitude to different client populations, following a week-long experience in one of five social services settings. The study provides preliminary findings regarding the implications of first year students’ experience on their emphatic skills, a subject that generally has not received adequate scholarly attention. Using a purpose-built, self-administered questionnaire, we found students’ emotional–experiential response to their experience differed by the setting in which they were placed, being lowest in the Bedouin oriented services, intermediate among those placed in juvenile correction services, and highest in mental health, adult and child disability services. Responses were independent of all other explanatory variables, including sex, cognitive ability, previous training experience and perceptual shifts concerning the population served. We discuss possible reasons for these differences.

     

循化撒拉族村落名称考释

本文对循化县撒拉族村落的名称及含义进行了调查并作了初步的分析 ,村落名称反映了一个社会群体的历史沿革、居处环境以及人文精神和美学追求。通过本文的探讨 ,祈望引起更多学者对撒拉族社会群体的关注。     

浅议当前思想政治工作的五个“新”

新的历史条件下,思想政治工作面临着新的考验.外在环境的变化,工作对象出现许多新的特色,原有的观念、方法都受到冲击,思想政治工作必须改革、创新.思想政治工作的改革,不是抛弃而是扬弃,是继承优良传统基础上的改革,是向前发展的创新,只有改革与创新,才能获得新的生机和活力.     

基层田径运动会计算机管理系统的实现

本文对基于Windows平台的运动会管理信息系统的开发方法进行讨论,并给出一个开发实例进行具体说明.     

在电磁场中巧用数学之浅析

电磁场理论与数学紧密相关,在电磁场中巧用数学能使物理概念、规律和物理过程册繁就简,便于记忆和理解。抓住事物和物理过程的对称性,巧用数学解决电磁场中的类似问题,培养学生灵活运用数学处理问题的能力。     

领域分化后的道德寓所——兼论公共行政的道德原则

人类社会经历了农业社会和工业社会的历史阶段,现在正处于后工业化的过程中。在农业社会,社会的一体性决定了它的制度是“权制”的,它的治理模式是“权治”的,道德的因素在不同的社会阶层中会有着不同的要求和表现。工业社会是一个社会分化的过程,特别是领域的分化,把道德主要限制在日常生活领域之中。私人领域也要求道德的支持,但是,自利的追求往往把道德置于客观结果的位置上。至于公共领域,则是一个非道德的领域。在后工业化的进程中,出现了领域的融合,从而为普适性道德的出现提供了历史前提,也为在道德发展最新成果的基础上进行道德制度和德治体系的设计提供了契机。     

抗战时期四联总处与战时盐业运输简

“七七事变”后,沿海各产盐区先后沦于敌手,大批存盐滞留盐场。为避免存盐资敌,满足战时军需民食对食盐的需求,国民政府根据当时“商疲力竭”的盐业运输实际现状,及时调整盐务运输政策,实行官商并运。抗战初期成立的国民政府最高经济与金融机构四联总处,根据战时盐业运输政策调整的实际需要,大力实施战时盐务贷款政策,利用国家各大银行的金融力量大力开展贴现与放款业务,尽力向国家所属盐运机关、盐商提供贷款。从资金方面确保战时盐业运输的顺利进行,为将沿海大批食盐抢运到内地创造了条件。伴随着战时盐业“官运”规模的扩大,四联总处提高对战时盐业运输的认识,将盐务贷款上升到关系抗战胜利的高度,对于国家所属盐务机关及各地盐运商的盐业运输贷款需求,尽量给予协助办理。历史证明,四联总处所实施的战时盐务贷款,在促进战时盐业运输,满足大后方军民食盐需求等方面起了重要作用,有助于战时食盐的抢运与运销。从而支持了抗战的胜利。     

“路径依赖”:对农村改革的思考

回顾农村２０年的制度变迁及改革创造的巨大绩效,以家庭联产承包制、乡镇企业和村民自治为主线,可以寻见改革存在路径,即：扩大农民自主权。从经济社会系统的“复杂性”理论角度看,“扩大自主权”这一基层进化的经验经由系统的作用形成了自下而上的组织创新,有助于组织群体的系统转换具有路径依赖性,并以路径效应──政府与农民的互动（自下而上的自发创造与自上而下的自觉选择的互动发展）──拓展积聚了由农民个体自主权扩增而导致的农村社会整体发展效应。现实地看,这一路径必将成为实现农村、农业、农民“三农”现代化的最动态的增效源泉。