论马克思哲学“现实个人”理论及其当代审视

现实个人是马克思哲学的理论核心,依据社会形态理论其生成史可以阐发为三种形态：群体形态的个人,独立形态的个人,自由形态的个人,三种形态的历史演绎构成了现实个人发展的内在逻辑。当代中国正处于市场经济条件下,人表现为以物为基础的独立形态的个人,人的物化状态不可避免。物化状态的积极作用在于它是对群体形态个人的扬弃,对自由形态个人的基奠;其消极作用在于人以“物”而非“人”作为价值尺度,物质利益驱动使人对有限资源展开竞争而形成人际矛盾,而这一矛盾是引发社会种种不和谐现象的主要原因。因此,解决人际矛盾、实现入际和谐是构建和谐社会的根本着力点,其实现的根本途径在于民主、法治、道德的实现。     

先买权基础理论之探究

先买权可以分为法定先买权与意定先买权、物权性先买权与债法上的先买权。债法上的先买权是一种形成权,不具有对抗第三人的效力;物权性先买权则是一种物权取得权,具有对抗第三人的效力。我国民事立法中规定的先买权应解释为债法上的先买权,不具有对抗第三人的效力。     

论高等教育高素质创造性人才培养模式与机制

创造性活动是复杂的系统工程,人的创造性素质的形成也是复杂的系统工程。从教育系统工程学的视角考察高素质创造性人才培育的复杂的系统工程,就必须从整体优化高等教育系统,构建高素质创造性人才的培养模式与机制入手。本文旨在论述高素质创造性人才的内涵与特征,高等教育高素质创造性人才的培养模式。     

论“发生灾害时人员保护”的国际法核心原则、要素

近年来,针对各种灾害可能导致的人权或人道主义灾难情形,联合国国际法委员会开始研究和编纂"发生灾害时的人员保护"的原则和规范。该领域的核心原则、要素主要是,主权国家是"发生灾害时的人员保护"的首要责任主体,受灾国在本国应对能力不足时负有寻求援助的责任,以及不任意拒绝外部援助的义务。在遵循主权、不干涉内政原则的基础上,国际社会的多元行为主体获得了参与治理的权利(责任)。当一国无能力或不愿意保护和援助其境内受灾害影响的人员时,国际社会可以依据《联合国宪章》等国际法所允许的程序和方式提供外部援助与保护。为更加有效地保护各种灾害威胁下的人民,需要在国内和国际层面建立和实施预防战略和机制。这些核心原则、要素为该领域的全球治理提供了原则指导和路径方法,并塑造了具体规范、机制等。     

受监禁者行为能力瑕疵实证——基于心理学、司法制度及司法实践的考察

意思能力是行为能力的基础,意思能力之有无决定行为能力之有无。基于该原理,受监禁者亦应被确认为行为能力缺失主体。该立论之基础在于:受监禁者无法如正常的自由状况时一般及时完整地获取做出真实意思表示所需要的各种相关信息,同时一定时间的监禁对其心理可能造成严重影响,导致其理解和认知能力严重受损,难以如常态一般做出合乎常人经验与理性的判断,因此其行为能力将产生瑕疵。以心理学、司法制度学的相关调查研究及司法实践中的具体情形为进路所进行的考察,可为本论提供有力支持。      

Centrelink: how social workers make a difference for young persons. A model of intervention

It is mandatory for social workers at Centrelink to interview and assess under 18-year-old youth who are applying for the ‘Unreasonable to Live at Home’ (UTLAH) rate of Youth Allowance. The aims of this research project were to identify and describe social work models of intervention when interviewing young persons who applied for UTLAH payments and to examine the way in which social workers developed a response to organisational and legislative changes. The qualitative research consisted of two components: field observations of social work interviews with claimants and an open-ended questionnaire completed by social workers after the observed interaction. The research confirmed the hypothesis that parts of a number of social work interventions could be combined and used to effectively assess and assist clients within the prescribed short-term approach. In addition, it supported the researchers' belief that social work models of intervention could be adapted to organisational and environmental changes. A potential challenge for social workers at Centrelink is to produce a brief social work model of intervention that is flexible enought to be used by professionals across sectors.     

Spirituality and Religion in the Lives of Runaway and Homeless Youth

Abstract

This qualitative study, part of a larger study of resiliency, explores the impact of spirituality on runaway and/or homeless youth. Interviews with 19 former runaway and homeless youth were analyzed to explore their experience of spirituality as they coped with the adversity in their lives. Five themes related to spirituality emerged: a belief in divine intervention; having a personal relationship with a nonjudgmental higher power; use of prayer; participation in traditional and nontraditional religious practices; and finding meaning and purpose in life, including a desire to “give back” to their community. Implications for social work practice and research are addressed.     

Anxiety and Depression: Implications for Older Adults

By the year 2030, it is projected that one in every three Americans will be 55-years-old or older. This age group is by far thefastest growing segment of the population. With the growing number of older adults, the importance of understanding aging and common disorders of laterlife is essential. In particular, anxiety anddepression are among the most common problems in older adults. However, differentiating anxiety and depression at the mood, symptom, and syndromal levels has been a long-standing problem in psychopathology research. In addition to a growing need for research, clinicians will also need to take an active role in the development and implementation of treatment as the population of older adults increases. In particular, mental health service providers must become informed about the economic implications for older adults as the structure of health insurance continues to change.     

Discrepancies in Reporting of Physical and Sexual Abuse Among Homeless Young Adults

This study investigated risk factors for discrepant reporting of physical and sexual abuse among 172 homeless young adults. Discrepant reporting includes situations in which a respondent denies experiencing abuse in general but reports being a victim of specific forms of maltreatment. The results revealed that discrepant reporting rates tended to be highest for minor physical assault and for noncontact sexual abuse. Multivariate results revealed that demographic characteristics were important correlates of both discrepant physical and sexual abuse reporters. Family background characteristics also played a role in discrepant reporting for physical abuse. Overall, some young people with abuse histories are not adequately labeling their maltreatment experiences and, as a result, may not be receiving the necessary treatment.