Are children in foster care in better psychological health than children in institutions? What factors influence the outcome?

The aim of this study was to compare the psychological health of children in foster care with that of children in institutional care. Social workers were asked to assess the psychological health of the children as well as several other criteria on the basis of an analysis grid. Our sample consisted of 568 children placed in foster care and 661 children placed in institutions. Our results show that children in care who lived longer with their birth parents have a lower psychological health. Furthermore, the psychological health of children in residential care is lower than children placed in foster families. As children in institution are placed later than children in foster families, this may partially explain the lower psychological health of children in residential care. As a result, children in residential care have experienced more abuse and neglect and witnessed more domestic violence than children in foster care. In addition, children in residential care have more poor-quality contacts with their birth parents than children in foster family. These contacts negatively influence their psychological health. Finally, the factor that most influences the psychological health of children in care is the quality of the relationship with the people who care for them on a daily basis. Again, children placed in foster families have better-quality relationships with their foster families than children placed in institutions.     

Multigenerational care or parental care? Familial care types,social–emotional development and mediation of parent–child relationship of single-parent children in mainland China

Children from single-parent families are at risk for problems related to social–emotional development (SED). This study investigated the associations between familial care types and single-parent children's SED, and the possible pathways through the mediation of parent–child relationship. This study analysed 431 single-parent children (50.0% girls) drawn from a local database with a total of 2507 children studying in Grades 4 to 8. We compared the SED of single-parent children in multigenerational care and those in parental care. We then tested the possible mediating effect of parent–child relationship between familial care types and children's SED. The study found that there were no deficits in the SED of single-parent children in multigenerational care compared with those in parental care. Multigenerational care had no direct relationship with the SED of single-parent children after the mediator of the parent–child relationship was entered. The parent–child relationship mediated the associations between familial care types and four dimensions of the single-parent children's SED. These findings provided support for multigenerational and parental care, and also directions for family care strategies and developing social service programmes to promote the SED of single-parent children in China.     

浅谈现代教育中责任感及培养

责任感应该是现代教育中首要培养的因素。其作为创造性人格中的动力因素,毋庸置疑。缺乏责任感的人才并不能称为真正的人才;培养这样的人才是教育的失败。     

关于学前儿童读物状况的调查研究

阅读在学前儿童成长中的重要性已越来越得到社会、家庭、教育研究工作者的重视。但随着儿童读物阅读状况不断发展变化的情况 ,为了使研究工作以及实际的阅读行为的指导更具有针对性 ,并更好地为儿童读物的创作者和出版者提供现实依据 ,就迫切需要对目前学前儿童的读物状况有一个较为全面的了解。为此 ,采用分层随机抽样的方法在山西省范围内对194名家长进行了问卷调查 ,内容涉及学前儿童读物的重要性、拥有读物的数量、购买读物的标准和依据、读物的内容和类型、读物的利用状况和利用方式、购买场所及购买年龄、对儿童读物市场的整体评价等多个方面 ,并就调查结果在儿童年龄、性别、居住地区 ,家长的受教育程度、职业、家庭经济状况不同程度间的差异状况进行了显著性检验 ,得出了儿童读物仍然是诸多教育媒体中家长和儿童最喜闻乐见的媒体等六方面结论     

对特殊儿童家长参与学校教育的思考

特殊儿童家长参与学校教育是现代特殊教育的重要议题之一。与世界发达国家相比 ,我国特殊儿童的家长参与学校教育的问题在理论和实践上都还显得很不深入。以笔者的第一手研究材料为基础 ,参照西方学者关于“参与模式”、“家长需求”、“家长角色”和“家长的心理压力”的理论论述 ,对“家长参与”这一世界性的重要议题可以进行切合实际的探讨和思考 ,并由此提出了促进家长参与的几项策略。     

培养新型农民是社会主义新农村建设不可或缺的基础

农民是新农村建设的直接受益者,也是推进新农村建设的主体。培养和造就千千万万有文化、懂技术、会经营的高素质新型农民,不仅是社会主义新农村建设中应有之义,更是全面推进社会主义新农村建设的基础性工程。     

父母养育方式对大学生防御方式的影响研究

通过考察196名大学生父母养育方式对其防御方式的影响,结果发现父母的情感温暖、理解与大学生的成熟型防御方式正相关显著,而父母的偏爱、拒绝否认、认度干涉与保护以及母亲的惩罚严厉与大学生的不成熟防御方式、中间型防御方式和掩饰度正相关显著。父亲的情感温暖与理解对预测大学生的成熟防御方式作用显著;母亲的过度干涉与保护、偏爱、拒绝否认对预测大学生的不成熟防御方式作用显著。健康的养育方式有利于成熟型防御方式的形成;父母在子女形成不同类型的防御方式中扮演的角色不同。     

Use of population measures and norms to identify resilient outcomes in young people in care: an exploratory study

The purposes of this study were to derive a new method for identifying resilience (i.e. positive adaptation in spite of serious adversity) among young people in care and to determine the percentage of the latter who experienced resilience on selected outcomes, as conceptualized from within the developmental approach of Looking After Children. The participants comprised two samples of young people who were living in out‐of‐home care (mainly foster care) in the province of Ontario, Canada, 340 aged 10–15 years and 132 aged 5–9 years. Virtually all had experienced severe adversity in their families of origin, such that in most cases the legal custody, care, and control of the young people had been permanently transferred from their parents to a local Children's Aid Society. Corresponding to each in‐care sample was a general‐population sample of the same age range that served as a normative comparison group and was drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY). The NLSCY is an ongoing, long‐term social‐policy study of the development of a nationally representative sample of Canadian children into adolescence and early adulthood. The general‐population samples were composed, respectively, of 5539 young people aged 10–15 years and 11 858 children aged 5–9 years. Resilience among the young people in care was operationally defined, on each outcome variable, as average or above‐average functioning relative to that of the general‐population sample of the same age range. The percentage experiencing resilience was relatively high on the outcomes of health, self‐esteem, and pro‐social behaviour, moderate on the outcomes of relationship with friends and anxiety and emotional distress, and low on the outcome of academic performance. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

深化高校体育课程教学改革

要认真贯彻执行《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》,深化高校的体育教学改革,应当树立面向全体学生的观念、大课堂观点和三维健康观念,此外,还对若干重要问题进行了初步思考。     

开发创造力中的非智力因素

世界各国之间的竞争实质上是人的创造力的竞争 ,开发创造力是使中华民族走向现代文明的根本措施之一。创造力的诸要素可归纳为智力因素和非智力因素 ,开发创造力是智力因素与非智力因素共同参与的过程 ,是两者相互作用的结果。非智力因素得到良好发展才能使智力因素得以最佳发挥 ,从而最大限度地开发人的创造力。