Coverage of Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in the U.S. Media

To evaluate how the media frames veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, this study systematically assesses the discourse on Iraq and Afghanistan veterans in the New York Times and Washington Post from 2003 to 2011. Our analysis of a stratified sample of 151 articles featuring veterans from either the wars in Iraq or Afghanistan finds that the media frames veterans as damaged by their service but deserving of government benefits and social assistance. When the media frames veterans as actively engaging in society, their social engagement is often because of or despite their injuries or mistreatment. We find interplay between victimization and deservingness such that depictions of the cohort as physically and mentally damaged complement and justify arguments for a sustained high level of benefits to accommodate the needs of veterans. We thus argue that generous benefits for veterans partly stem from their depiction as having suffered from their service.     

金额/比率陈述方式和调节匹配对消费者购买意愿的影响

研究引入调节匹配这个源于心理学的概念,探讨两种不同目标导向——求成与避败的消费者面对两种不同的信息陈述方式——金额与比率时对购买意愿的影响。结果表明：信息陈述方式与消费者目标导向产生匹配,才能对消费者态度及其购买意愿产生积极的正面影响;消费者动机存在干扰效果,尤其在消费者属于高动机的情况下,原本对促销信息陈述没有匹配的消费者转变为匹配,且消费者态度明显提升。     

Framing the Self

The meaning of a photograph depends on the story we tell about it. In the case of portraits, these narrative frames shape the self we impute to the sitter. The interiority of the portrait subject, the inner character we imagine is revealed in the photograph, is a result of what we know about photographic portraits, about the sitter, about the photographer, and about the context in which the image was made. Likewise in everyday life, the selves we impute to others are infected by similar processes of narrative framing. Who we are known to be depends not only on self‐presentations but on the stories within which those self‐presentations are placed.     

网店信息呈现的框架效应对消费者购买决策的影响研究

目前有关在线消费者购买意愿的研究，绝大多数是基于实验统计的方法，分析影响消费者购买决策的因素，网店信息呈现的框架形式往往仅作为其中的关键因素被一些研究提及并加以验证。但是，"形态各异"的信息到底如何影响消费者心理进而影响到他们的决策？商家如何从消费者心理的微观层面来设计信息呈现策略，从而增强其购买意愿？目前关于此的研究尚不多见。本研究从前景理论的决策参考点视角，以价格因素为例，一方面，通过情境实验，验证了价格信息的不同呈现框架对于消费者购买意愿的影响作用；另一方面，在利用情境实验界定了消费者心理价格参考点的基础上，通过决策模型的构建和计算，从微观层面分析了不同价格信息呈现框架下，消费者购买选择大相径庭的原因。研究结果表明：（1）在风险框架下，相对于用不确定的语言来描述商品价格信息，确定性语言描述会使消费者的心理价格参考点和购买意愿更高。（2）在属性框架下，相对于用负面的语言来描述商品信息，正面的语言描述更能提高消费者的心理价格参考点和购买意愿。（3）在目标框架下，相对于强调购买行为可能给消费者带来的收益，强调不购买该商品可能给消费者带来的损失更有助于消费者的心理价格参考点和购买意愿的提高。基于上述研究结果，作者围绕网店如何有效的呈现信息提出了管理建议，并讨论了本研究的理论意义与应用价值。     

Framing,Switching and Preference Reversals

An explicitly frame related interpretation of a very general more for less result is used to establish a correspondingly general class of frame related switching results. These are used in turn to show how preference reversals of kinds found by Allais and others may not only be essentially non-paradoxical in character, but can be expected to be frequently observed, even under conditions of certainty and of complete information.     

毒药、诬陷仇人与佛经故事－－外来影响与中国文学主题复仇方式描写的变化

对待"投毒"、"诬陷"这类复仇方式,经历了由佛经误读、容受到认同的观念演进过程,表现出华夏中土传统伦理性支配力逐渐弱化,对于功利性复仇目标实现的关注渐趋强化。外域宗教文献作为一种异质文化的介入,对于中国伦理型的主流文化有着重要影响,具体的文学母题虽然细小,也可明显看出这一影响的轨迹。市民理想风习,将儒家庄严复仇制度规定下的伦理规约世俗化、诙谐化了。这也是文化传播濡化过程中的一个重要的规律。     

Efficiency Wages: Signals or Incentives An Empirical Study of the Relationship between Wage and Commitment

Efficiency wage theories arguethat firms induce their employees to work in a moredisciplined way by paying high wages. Two basicmechanisms have been pointed out in economics about how these wage premia motivate employees.The incentives-driven `shirking model' impliesthat employees who have a highly paid job workin a more disciplined way so as to avoid beingdismissed. The ``gift exchange' model is basedon the assumption that high wages change therelationship between employer and employee.Empirical evidence on the incentives approachis mixed and a thorough competitive testingagainst the gift exchange model was notpossible due to the fact that the latter wasnot worked out enough. However, there is a relational theory of efficiency wages which isworked out in detail in order to allow directcompetitive testing. This relationalsignaling approach, as it is called, is basedon framing effects and comes to specifichypotheses about the conditions under whichefficiency wages work. These hypothesescontrast sharply with predictions from theincentives approach. The paper presents anempirical test of the theories and shows thatthe data clearly reject the incentive-basedpredictions and confirm the relationalsignaling predictions.     

Value-based issues and policy change: Medical assistance in dying in four narratives

In 2014, Québec became the first province in Canada to allow medical assistance in dying (MAID) by adopting the Act Respecting End-of-Life Care. This was, and still is, an important policy change. It involves a singular and highly moral issue that generated debates spanning over a longer period than that specific to the law's development and adoption. Using French and English newspapers' renderings of these debates in Québec between 2005 and 2015, this study deconstructs MAID's journey in the province into four periods, each characterized by a specific narrative: flexible precaution, legal hypocrisy, accountability imperative, and ineluctable adaptation. These four narratives allow us to better understand MAID's framing process as they reveal the underlying rationales of three overarching frames covering the 2005–2015 period: the legal frame, the social progress frame, and the service provision frame.     

A Social Fields Theory of Pilgrimage: African American Christians in Israel and Palestine

What is pilgrimage and how should we understand its social significance? Traditional analyses of religiously motivated travel have focused on praxis and ritual. Contemporary analyses have further analyzed pilgrimage as a site where religion, politics, economy, and cultural production converge. This article argues that such convergence is best understood as the product of overlapping and interacting social fields and that particular pilgrimages—as sites of contestation and negotiation—take shape in the interstitial spaces between fields. Using the case of African American Christian pilgrimage to Israel and Palestine as the “Holy Land,” this article examines the relationship between overlapping fields and the negotiation of competing interests on pilgrimage. It suggests cultural framing work as a mechanism by which actors manage tensions between these fields and their interests.     

Strategic framing in the BP crisis: A semantic network analysis of associative frames

This paper contributes to the analysis of the interplay of public relations and news in crisis situations, and the conceptualization of strategic framing by introducing the idea of associative frames and the method of semantic network analysis to the PR research field. By building on a more advanced understanding of communication as process of social meaning construction that is embedded in networks of differential relations between different actors, it contributes to extend the perspective of first- and second-order agenda building towards a kind of “third order” or “network agenda building”. Via an automated content analysis of more than 3700 articles we examine agenda- and frame-differences between public relations, UK and US news in the BP crisis. The study documents that BP successfully applied a decoupling strategy: It dissociated itself from being responsible for the cause and at the same time presented itself as solvent of the crisis. It shows that in crises, associative frames in PR resonate partly to associative frames in news. Especially the US news followed BP and did not succeed in presenting political actors as solution providers.