中国义务教育经费体制改革：变化与效果(英文)

在1980和1990年代,中国是世界教育领域分权改革的重要组成部分。主流研究当时都强调低重心、多渠道的教育经费体制的内在合理性,强调分权化是难以逆转的趋势。可是从2001年开始,中国调整了农村义务教育管理体制。我们通过实证分析发现,这一改革不再是分权化改革的延续和完善,而是重新确立政府责任的一种尝试。它既导致了教育投入的快速增长,也在相当程度上促进了教育公平,尤其是在小学教育阶段。这为世界教育改革提供了有益经验,也为主流研究的一系列命题和假设提供了反思的机会。     

我国供应链管理研究进展与分析-基于自然科学基金项目

本文统计与分析了管理科学部管理科学与工程学科近年来对供应链管理研究的资助情况,并概括分析了在此领域中的五个具体热点研究方向,在国家自然科学基金资助下所取得的进展,以期为该领域研究者提供参考和启发,进一步促进供应链管理的发展。     

Art in the Time of Frugality: Scarcity,Cooperation, and Change in American Art Museums

Funding for American art museums has undergone significant changes in the past 20 years. In particular, federal and corporate giving have substantially declined following the Great Recession. These changes impact museums’ ability to secure funding for exhibitions. This study addresses how funding scarcity affects American art museums, specifically with regard to staff’s ability to execute their own tasks and the strategies of action they use to compensate for these changes. Drawing from literature on resource scarcity, I explore how funding declines have prompted museum staff to use “strategic cooperation” as a means of diversifying limited financial resources. Moreover, using interviews with curators and development officers, I identify three cooperative strategies they may use: coordinating inter‐professional activities, pooling professional knowledge, and finding creative financial solutions. These findings add to work on resource scarcity by identifying inter‐group cooperation as a diversification strategy. More importantly, I add to this literature by specifically identifying multiple forms of strategic cooperation individuals may employ to combat resource scarcity. Finally, while literature on the arts has focused on museums’ propensity for inter‐professional conflict during times of duress, my work demonstrates that, despite this, cooperative action is a present and viable strategy in cultural organizations.     

科学基金资助绩效评价的文献计量分析

以文献计量评价方法,尝试性地对科学基金资助在促进知识创新方面的绩效进行了评估,发现采用文献计量方法对国家科技资助的绩效评价具有较强的适用性和说服力。研究分析表明,25年来科学基金资助促进了我国基础研究SCI论文数量上的快速增长,对推动我国基础研究的知识创新起着十分重要的作用,但在带动与引领我国SCI论文影响力总体水平的提升作用尚显不足。     

Predictors of Capacity-Building Needs Among Nongovernmental Organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa

Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play important roles in social development in the Global South. However, little evidence exists concerning NGOs’ capacity-building needs. We sought to understand organizational and network factors that explain capacity-building needs. Using an online survey of 282 NGOs in Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria, we found high levels of capacity-building need, particularly concerning resource development. Using multivariate analyses, we found greater staff size predicted less overall capacity-building need based on a 15-item index (α = .88). Examining individual capacities, receiving at least half of funding from international sources and prior capacity-building assistance were consistent predictors of lower odds of capacity-building need.     

授权资本制下资金到位之监管

与公司法之法定资本制不同,我国现行外商投资企业法对外商投资企业规定的是授权资本制。因其固有缺点所决定,授权资本制引发了诸多外商投资企业出资不到位的问题。为解决这一问题,需要结合现实情况,对外商投资企业法的注册资本制度进行改进设计。     

Donor-Funded Government—NGO Partnership for Public Service Improvement: Cases from India and Pakistan

The paper explores donors' efforts to promote government—NGO partnership for the purpose of improving public services. Following a brief discussion of partnership, two illustrations support a relative definition of partnership and its added value. The examples represent alternative approaches to improving public services through partnership work, the choice of which may depend on (1) the will of the partners to change—particularly government, (2) the preexistence of effective public services, and (3) depth of mobilization and social capital sought. The examples similarly reveal alternative approaches to addressing partnership challenges either bureaucratically or through behavioral norms and organization culture. Implications of donors' participation in such partnerships are highlighted.     

The Quest for Aid Complementarity: Reforming Co‐operation between Nordic+ Donors and NGOs

Aid fragmentation is a maddening problem in the aid business. NGOs are part and parcel of this fragmentation problem; hence calls for more complementarity between Northern NGOs and (their) governments have led to a series of co‐funding reforms. This article analyses the co‐funding reforms of the Nordic+ donors and situates them within the broader evolutions that have taken place in donor‐NGO relations in these countries. It finds that these donors have interpreted complementarity in very different and even contradictory ways. Where some require NGOs to develop activities within the confines of the official bilateral strategy (intensive complementarity), others allow NGOs to do very different things (extensive complementarity).     

In celebration of the closure of the Independent Living Fund

Over the last months we have heard calls to save the Independent Living Fund (ILF). Social media and Internet forums were flooded with emotional pleas to the government beyond its final days: parent carers and vocal disabled people calling for action to prevent themselves or loved ones being ‘imprisoned’ in their home, unable to use the toilet or having a life not worth living. ‘I will have no control, no choice and be unable to live in the community’, one person chanted. Others chanted ‘which side are you on’ (Channel 4 News). I found myself in a very unusual situation. Here I was, a campaigner for independent living all my adult life, a former Direct Payment Support Service Manager, social work lecturer and ILF recipient. Surely I would be devastated that the ILF had ended? My experience was entirely different, I celebrated.     

养老金统筹账户与个人账户最优组合策略研究

本文使用投资组合理论对养老金统筹账户与个人账户的最优组合策略进行研究。为此,我们首先分析了确定性条件下的账户选择问题,然后,在随机假设下对不同账户的收益进行精算建模,在此基础上构建了养老金账户最优组合模型,最后,对上述模型进行了数值求解。研究表明:(1)统筹账户与个人账户的收益负相关,二者的组合能够形成一个有效的风险对冲机制;(2)混合制的有效边界在现收现付制和累积制的上方,因此,从风险—收益的角度讲,混合制优于单一养老金制度;(3)与最优账户组合相比,现行统筹账户的占比偏高,个人账户占比偏低。本文的政策含义在于,适当的降低现行统筹账户的占比,提高个人账户的占比能够降低养老金账户的风险水平,增加账户的收益。