我国农村公共产品供给机制创新——基于江苏省苏南苏北地区的调查

我国农村公共产品供给机制在权力结构、责任结构和融资结构等方面存在诸多问题,通过对江苏苏南、苏北地区的财政收支、农村公共产品供给在投入主体、决策机制、监督机制等方面的调查与分析,认为应建立财政投资项目绩效管理制度、合理运用以及发挥“绿箱”等支持政策,建立科学高效的农村决策机制,构建城乡一体化的公共产品供给体系,加强农村基础设施产权和管护制度的改革,从而实现农村公共产品供给机制的创新。     

新生代农民工的精神文化培养

随着80、90后新生代农民工数量的增加,加强对其精神文化需求的研究越来越具有深刻的现实意义。新生代农民工是一个新兴的群体,是构建"和谐社会"伟大战略的重要推动者。他们一方面追求精神文化生活,但另一方面又在理想和现实的碰撞中挣扎。对新生代农民工群体特征进行描述,分析其精神文化缺失的原因,并针对原因提出了相应建议:完善法律制度,保障新生代农民工劳动权益;加强政府引导,完善公共文化设施建设;企业主动关心,提升新生代农民工的归属感;关注农村基层,营造农村精神文化新风。     

东部地区经济平稳增长路径下的最优财政收支规模分析

文章在经济增长理论的基础上,根据东部地区最终消费、固定资产投资、进出口总额和财政收支数据,运用计量经济学和最优化理论对东部地区经济平稳增长路径下的财政收支进行了经验研究。通过MATLAB计算可知,要实现东部地区经济的平稳增长,最终消费支出、固定资产投资和进出口总额分别为103930亿元、108800亿元和272360亿元,最优财政收入和财政支出规模为22247亿元和29030亿元。     

技术创新加剧了企业技能短缺吗?

随着劳动力价格上涨,制造业企业人口红利逐渐消失,以互联网、人工智能提升改造传统产业的同时,推动“技术红利”替代“人口红利”,成为制造业企业优化升级的必然选择。技术创新在促进经济发展的同时是否加剧了技能短缺?考察技术创新对技能短缺的影响作用,结果表明:技术创新对企业技能短缺产生了显著的正效应,研发支出增加了对技能劳动力的需求,并且伴随企业规模扩大、技能劳动力比例上升,技能短缺程度加剧。同时,技术创新对技能短缺在区域和产业上存在显著异质性。在超大城市中,技术创新对技能短缺的拉动作用更为显著。在中小城市,技术进步效应并不显著;而技术创新对制造业技能缺口的影响效应也显著强于服务业,进一步验证了技术创新水平的快速提升使现有技能水平无法与之相匹配,加剧了企业技能结构性短缺。     

略论自然债务

自然债务是指债权人不能依诉强制履行,但是债务人一旦为给付,则构成有效清偿,债务人不得基于非债清偿而请求返还的债务。自然之债的本质是道德义务的升华,是当事人出于自身道德意识的考虑,自愿选择接受法律规制的结果。自然债务在法律与道德之间起着重要的平衡作用。因此,在我国民法典中进一步完善自然之债的体系,对指导司法实践,完善我国立法有着重要的作用。     

Gambling and problem/pathological gambling among ex-offenders in Hong Kong

This paper considers the issue of ex-offenders who can be identified as having an addiction to gambling; one that has been long-neglected in Hong Kong. It reports on a study in which 378 ex-offenders were asked to assess their gambling involvement. The paper identifies the importance of social workers developing a better understanding of this issue in their work with ex-offenders and the findings suggest there is further scope for research and analysis about the extent of this problem and its management.     

公共财政与中国国民收入的高储蓄倾向(英文)

本文将国有企业从“企业部门”中分离出来,与“政府部门”合并为“公共部门”,其储蓄率称为“公共部门储蓄率”;并将非国有企业与居民合并为“私人部门”,其储蓄率称为“私人部门储蓄率”。据此提出的中国高储蓄率的公共财政假说认为：2000年以来中国储蓄率持续高涨,是由政府的赢利性动机及其对公共财政职能产生的挤出效应推动的,并带来了公共支出的不足。结果,居民和非国有企业不得不增加预防性储蓄。利用我国1996--2006年30个省面板实证检验的结果验证了此假说。     

On Doing Research in a Clinical Setting

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a stand-alone personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention targeting misperceptions of gambling among college students. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 136; 55% male) who reported gambling in the past 30 days were recruited between September 2011 and March 2012. Methods: Using a randomized clinical trial design, participants were assigned to receive either PNF or an attention control task. In addition to self-report, this study used 2 computer-based risk tasks framed as “gambling opportunities” to assess cognitive and behavioral change at 1 week post intervention. Results: After 1 week, participants receiving PNF showed a marked decrease in perception of other students’ gambling, and evinced lower risk-taking performance on 2 analog measures of gambling. Conclusions: Changes in both self-reported perceived norms and analog gambling behavior suggest that a single, stand-alone PNF intervention may modify gambling among college students. Whether it can impact gambling outside of the laboratory remains untested.     

Comparisons of Gambling and Alcohol Use Among College Students and Noncollege Young People in the United States

Abstract

Objective: Gambling and alcohol use were compared for college and noncollege young adults in the US population. Participants: Participants were 1,000 respondents aged 18 to 21. Methods: Data were analyzed from a representative household sample of US young people aged 14 to 21 years old. Telephone interviews were conducted between August 2005 and January 2007. Results: After taking into account gender, age, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, college student status did not predict gambling, frequent gambling, or problem gambling. In contrast, being a college student was associated with higher levels of alcohol use and problem drinking. Being male was the strongest predictor of both problem gambling and problem drinking. Blacks were less likely than whites to drink heavily; yet they were more likely than whites to gamble heavily. Conclusion: Young males should be targeted for prevention and intervention efforts for both problem gambling and problem drinking regardless of college student status.     

Enhancing Appearance and Sports Performance: Are Female Collegiate Athletes Behaving More Like Males?

Objective: The authors investigated behavioral indicators of pathological gambling in a college student sample. Participants and Methods: The authors administered a diagnostic interview for pathological gambling to 159 college students, who also completed a demographic questionnaire, and a self-report measure of psychological distress. Results: Consistent patterns of gambling behavior associated with pathological gambling included gambling more than 1.2 times per month, gambling more than 2.1 hours per month, intending to wager more than 6.1% of monthly income, and wagering more than 10.5% of monthly income. In addition, the combination of psychological distress, gambling frequency, and a history of parental gambling problems was significantly associated with pathological gambling in college students. Conclusions: These findings suggest initial markers of problematic gambling behavior in a college sample that may be used in assessment, prevention, and intervention.