‘Becoming’ a possible threat: masculinity,culture and questioning among unaccompanied young men in Sweden

A debate on masculinity and immigration rose across Europe in 2015 after an incident with sexual harassments taking place in Cologne, Germany. The incident refuelled a debate positioning unaccompanied young men as a possible threat. This article is based on a research project where we during this time ethnographically followed 20 young men, having arrived in Sweden as ‘unaccompanied’ minors. The aim is to examine how the young men themselves talk about, reflect on and negotiate masculinity and gender during this period. The article concludes that masculinity cannot be approached as something stable easily being inherited or transferred from one’s origins. One difference for ‘unaccompanied’ young men is how conflicts or tensions emerging in relation to issues of gender and masculinity tend to be interpreted differently, and publicly, putting the young men in a ‘gendered situation of questioning’.     

On the conditions of authority in academic publics

The discourse of some of the most powerful public figures in today’s world is often incoherent and nonsensical. Incoherent yet authoritative discourse shows that authority does not rest in language but results from non‐linguistic and pre‐textual conditions. The non‐linguistic and pre‐textual conditions are exemplified in an Australian case‐study of a media debate between the Immigration Minister and a refugee, drawing on research by Smith‐Khan (2019a, 2019b). Two such conditions are then examined with reference to academic publics. First, I ask which languages do or do not carry authority, before moving on to speaker identity as a condition of authority. The close association between English and academic excellence has resulted in diminishing the authority of academic publications in languages other than English. The same is true of publications by women and people of colour. I close by reflecting on referencing practices as forms of extending authoritativeness to voices in excluded languages and from excluded scholars in academic publics.     

The Gender Gap in Orgasms: Survey Data from a Mid-Sized Canadian City

Objective: Previous research has established a gap in orgasm frequency between men and women. This study investigates explanations for the gender gap in orgasm. Methods: Crosstab analysis and logistic regression are used to examine the gender gap in orgasms from one Canadian city: Hamilton, Ontario (N = 194). Results: We find a strong association between women’s orgasms and the type of sexual behavior in which partners engage. Women who receive oral sex are more likely to reach orgasm. Conclusion: Sexual practices focused on clitoral stimulation are important to reducing the gender gap in orgasms.     

Celebrating Joan Acker: Sociologist,fearless feminist,friend

Joan Acker's life reflects a time when middle‐class women were expected to be satisfied with maintaining the home front, serving husbands and children, not having paid‐work careers. After living “the ideal” for 37 years, Acker took a new path by earning a Ph. D. and producing path‐breaking scholarship that challenged taken‐for‐granted beliefs about gender, family, work, and organizations. Acker spoke “truth to power” and was an academic heroine in posing feminist challenges to injustices involving gender, social class, and race/ethnicity, particularly (but not solely) related to the workplace. This overview lets Joan tell her story and offers reflections on her milestone publications as seen by Pat Martin.     

Un/gendering Social Selves: How Nonbinary People Navigate and Experience a Binarily Gendered World

Based on in‐depth interviews, we explore how people who do not identify exclusively or consistently as either women or men (i.e., nonbinary people) navigate a culture that bifurcates people into women or men. Using an interactionist approach, we first analyze how interviewees employ discourse (e.g., names, identity labels, and pronouns) and the body (e.g., expressions, decoration, and transformation) to present themselves as nonbinary, which we conceptualize as ungendering social selves. Second, we examine the emotional benefits (e.g., authenticity, pride, liberation) and burdens (e.g., fear, rejection, exhaustion) of ungendering. Third, we uncover the emotional, social, and structural conditions under which our nonbinary‐identified participants sometimes present themselves as binarily gendered, which we conceptualize as gendering social selves. We conclude with discussing empirical and theoretical contributions.     

Gender,work, and childcare in Kazakhstan,Mongolia, and Russia

The current study seeks to understand the nature of gender relations within a post‐Soviet welfare model in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, and Russia. On the basis of the analysis of key labour market indicators, parental leave, and childcare policies, it finds that the welfare models in the three countries are hybrid, and neither authoritarianism in Kazakhstan and Russia nor democracy in Mongolia lead to substantive gender equality outcomes. Persistent gender inequality in these countries is underpinned by the neo‐liberal approach to welfare provision, conservative social norms, and limited agency of civil society to influence the policy agenda. Nonetheless, these states have distributed to the population with an emphasis on working mothers, and this policy choice has been driven by economic, demographic, and political considerations, which ultimately serve to support, rather than transform, the patriarchal power structure in these societies.     

Gender egalitarianism,perceived economic insecurity,and fertility intentions in Spain: A qualitative analysis

Economic uncertainty contributes to low fertility in many European countries. On the other hand, greater gender equality may positively influence fertility. This paper examines how these two forces interact in Spain. We use in-depth interviews to analyse fertility decision-making among young and highly educated partnered adults living in urban areas. Highly gender-egalitarian interviewees are less likely to perceive economic insecurity as an obstacle to proceeding to a next birth than less egalitarian interviewees. But there is not necessarily a difference in these two groups’ overall fertility intentions, as highly egalitarian interviewees’ greater valuation of stable employment for both partners requires institutional and policy support for dual-earner couples’ childrearing. When we look only at interviewees who express economic insecurity, somewhat higher fertility intentions are expressed by those holding less gender-egalitarian attitudes. Our results underline the complexity of the interrelationships between economic insecurity, gender egalitarianism, and fertility intentions.     

口语产出质量与模糊容忍度的相关研究

以某大学的90名非英语专业学生为研究对象,利用Ely的模糊容忍度调查问卷（SLTAS）（1995）和两篇从GRE和TOEFL考试中选取的材料为主要测试工具,考察阅读中的模糊容忍度与口语产出质量的相关性.结果证明：模糊容忍度与口语产出质量存在显著正相关,模糊容忍度越高,其口语成绩也越高.模糊容忍度对口语的影响表现在流利性、完整性和准确性3方面,对语音和交际能力没有影响;对阅读中的模糊容忍度与随后口语产出之间的相关性存在性别差异,女生存在这种相关性,男生不存在.     

倡优、俳优与侏儒--汉代艺伎考系列之一

在汉代,倡优与俳优同属艺伎,但他们的职业技能又有区别,倡优以音乐表演为主,俳优以言语滑稽逗笑见长.侏儒属俳优中之一种.倡乐则是对倡优、俳优侏儒等艺人娱乐活动的总称.就性别而论,在汉代,倡优艺人男女都有,俳优侏儒艺人则只有男性.就流行状况而言,倡优相比俳优侏儒的流行范围要更为宽广.虽然他们作为艺人都具有一定的才能,但他们却遭到社会流俗的轻视.汉代艺人的性别特征,反映了礼教对女性职业的影响.     

怒族多元文化互动与性别承载

怒族是云南特有的直接从原始社会末期过渡到社会主义社会人口较少的民族。怒族社会呈现出鲜明的多元文化共生特征,其中既有历史积淀的因素使然,也有国际化、现代化的发展趋势影响。怒族社会在交流与碰撞、融合与排斥、重构与再生的多元嬗变过程中,呈现族群性别的平等与尊重、圆融与发展,交织着传统与现代文明接轨的独特因素。多元文化中的怒族性别承载主要体现在怒族服饰、日常用品、居住、节庆、饮食等方面,分别其性别配置理念在民族文化传承中的形式、途径、手段和机制,探索怒族女性在民族文化传承、男性参与保护怒族传统森林文化,复兴本民族生态生存方式和生活经验,发展怒族社会区域经济,建构怒族两性合力的民族文化保护与发展的和谐生态系统,怒族人民才能在认识自然、继承祖先生态生存经验的总结中获得发展的良性启迪,并在不断了解外来文化的过程中对其他民族文化占有、甄别、挑选、为我所用,吸取精华,剔除糟粕,理性地选择适合自己族群发展的文化。