对互动广告中的性别身份建构的统计分析

系统功能语法认为语篇具有三大元功能,即概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。我们从人际功能和概念功能出发,以男女两组英语互动式性别广告为语料进行讨论,得出以下结论：男性广告在“祈使语气”、“消费者充当的主语一限定成分”、“消费者充当的动作者一物质过程”的构形分布上均明显高于女性广告;而女性广告在“消费者充当的感觉者一心理过程”的构形分布上明显高于男性广告。这些构形分布的显著性差异说明,这类语篇建构的不同性别的身份是不同的,即建构不同的性别身份。     

Vicarious ostracism and control in young children

After observing ostracism or social exclusion, older children, adolescents and adults report decreased satisfaction of the need for control. Attempting to regain control can motivate aggression in ostracized adults. Research has shown that the onset of ostracism’s harmful effects on children’s behavior is at preschool age. We investigated whether preschoolers would exert more control after witnessing ostracism. A sample of 53 children (Mage = 5 years, 5 months) first watched priming videos either showing ostracism or not. Subsequently, they participated in two ball games. In both of the games (order counterbalanced), children could control the flow of a ball’s motion, either live between two people (i.e., social control) or between two bars on a laptop screen (i.e., non‐social control). Overall, children understood social exclusion when it was displayed in the videos. We found an effect of observed ostracism only on social control. Four‐ to five‐year‐old boys who witnessed ostracism stopped a ball game between two persons longer than boys who did not witness ostracism. Our results suggest that observing social exclusion elevates young boys’ need for control over a social situation. Girls showed a different pattern but their responses did not differ significantly between ostracism and non‐ostracism conditions.     

Occupational Sex Composition and Gendered Housework Performance: Compensation or Conventionality?

This article examines the association between occupational sex composition and housework, considering total housework time, time on male‐typed and female‐typed tasks, and the percent of total time spent on male and female tasks. Previous research examining male‐ and female‐typed chores independent of total housework suggests that couples compensate for gender‐atypical employment through gender‐typical housework performance, but this analysis of the National Survey of Families and Households (1992–1994) and the American Time Use Survey (2003–2013) demonstrates that assuming a quadratic association and failing to contextualize gendered housework performance within total housework performance obscures the true relationship between occupation and housework. In fact, women and men in gender‐atypical occupations perform a more gender‐atypical combination of chores. The influence of gender deviance neutralization in the housework literature may overshadow alternative explanations and model specifications. In particular, by assuming a quadratic association, researchers may impose, rather than test, gender deviance neutralization.     

Helpers “Here on the Front Lines”: Welfare‐to‐Work Managers' Moral Identity Work

Using data drawn from telephone interviews with Ohio Works First program managers (N = 69), we examine managers' moral identity work. This work included using militarized rhetoric to evoke moral identities as honorable workers. It also involved signifying helper/helpful moral identities by defining what it means to be helpful, legitimating their helper identity through connections to caseworkers, and affirming their identity through telling success stories. Additionally, managers implicitly othered clients they viewed as needy and politicians they considered to be out‐of‐touch. Our research contributes to the literature on welfare‐to‐work, but also more broadly to our understanding of moral identity work and implicit othering.     

流动儿童城市印象研究——以63份访谈资料为主要参照

不同于既有研究倾向于对流动儿童社会问题进行宏观上的推定,本研究以流动儿童对于城市的主体性印象为基点,研究发现,大多流动儿童对城市的物质环境适应较快,容易由习惯趋于依赖,部分流动儿童对城市中冷漠的社会环境感受强烈,可能与城乡社会“陌生人一熟人”关系特质差异有关;流动儿童大多羡慕城市人的生活方式,这恰与他们当前状况反差明显,他们中不少人敏感于城市人的歧视,自尊心驱使他们不愿被人知道来自农村;流动儿童对隶属群体的评价优劣参半,显现出价值观“局部城市化”的痕迹,他们在自我身份归属方面存在分化,其中有些人呈现身份归属模糊的特征,导致一种“空认同”。     

民族认同的影像表达——以《建国大业》与《建党伟业》为例

《建国大业》与《建党伟业》是两部影响巨大的献礼影片，两部影片在历史事件选择与表达方面别具手眼，具有突破性。这种突破并非是一时兴起，而是指向了“民族认同”这一深刻主题。     

Humanitarian response and stress in Kenya: gendered problems and their implications

ABSTRACT

Stress-related conditions such as burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder are a growing concern in the humanitarian sector. Aid workers themselves report not only that mental health problems are common, but that the support they receive from their employers is insufficient. Problematically, the experience of the international aid worker – particularly those who are white and from the global North – is often foregrounded in explaining what constitutes stress and related mental health problems. This indicates a wider problem of what is required of ‘the perfect humanitarian’ – a personality that is gendered and racialised – and how this influences the different experiences and treatment of national and international staff from aid agencies. This article explores the organisational culture and working conditions of humanitarian settings and their impact on the mental health and well-being of staff. It argues that there is a structural dimension to stress that is less to do with external security threats and more to do with the specific infrastructure, policies, and practices of humanitarian operations, with implications for aid workers which cut across dimensions of race, gender, and nationality.     

秦国赘婿法律地位辨疑

秦国赘婿法律地位并非一直低下。秦立法剥夺其立户、受田宅等权利,强制其从军,始于秦统一六国后,直接原因为军事需要,深层次原因为文化认同、政治合法性建构的需要。     

女性特色教育与女性性别学科问题关系研究

高等教育中存在的女性性别学科问题一直困扰着人们,此问题的产生有女性生理、心理方面的原因,也有社会文化方面的原因,其中最主要的原因在于过去的教育模式中存在男性中心主义倾向,某些学科体系的构建不适合女性学习。引入女性特色教育,可以根据女性身心特点,选择、建构适合女性学习的学科体系,改变性别意识缺失的高等教育现状,对无社会性别意识教育进行有效纠偏。     

Sofiia Andrukhovych’s Felix Austria: the postcolonial neo-Gothic and Ukraine’s search for itself

ABSTRACT

Sofiia Andrukhovych’s 2014 novel Felix Austria (Feliks Avstriia) became Ukraine’s most critically acclaimed and commercially successful work of literature published in the immediate aftermath of the Euromaidan revolution of 2013–14. It combined an ambitious historical reconstruction of daily life in the year 1900 in a mid-size city in the Habsburg-ruled part of Ukraine and an engaging plot skilfully employing multiple devices associated with the Gothic tradition, especially in its latter-day and postmodernist reinterpretations. The novel’s success is especially telling in the context of the rising interest in the Gothic in Ukrainian culture. Told by an unreliable narrator, the novel prompts readers to interrogate their assumptions. In the context of Ukraine, it is particularly subversive in its engagement with the nostalgic myth of the Habsburg Empire as a multi-ethnic utopia of tolerance, and by implication it challenges all imperial myths. The novel’s emphasis on the quest for (self-)discovery strongly resonated with readers in the context of a socio-political crisis, which highlighted the relevance of the distinct postcolonial overtones in its message.