90年代以来甘肃省人力资本水平空间差异探讨

随着知识生产与创造的高素质科技劳动者逐步成为一个地区能否吸引现代经济活动的关键．人力资本在区域经济增长中越来越受到人们的关注。文章从时间和空间两方面入手．探讨了90年代以来甘肃省人力资本水平的空间差异及其变化状况。结果表明：甘肃省区域人力资本水平得到明显提高。人力资本水平的地理空间格局由1990年的中部高、西北和东南部低的“凸”字形分布渐渐转向2000年的中西北部高。而东南部低的倾斜式分布：区域人力资本水平差异仍然较大,其增长幅度的区域差异也十分显著。文章还就人力资本差异的形成机制进行了探讨,并提出了促使区域人力资本可持续发展的相关建议和对策。     

Moving Ahead,Falling Apart,Losing Power: Three Narratives to the Development of Human Services

Scholars agree that we live in a society in which the lion’s share of human needs is supplied by formal organizations. This article deals with how society reached this situation and the challenges embedded in it. We will postulate that there are three basic narratives of human services, which we have named the progress, the social disintegration, and the power narrative. The narratives will be demonstrated through examples from the field of juvenile and adolescent mental health services. We claim that meaningful professional training in human services must expose students to the interpretations, insights, and possible directions for practice in light of each of the narratives.     

The resources of ageing? Middle‐aged gay men's accounts of Manchester's gay voluntary organizations

Middle‐aged men's experiences of gay voluntary organizations (GVOs) are neglected in research. To address this knowledge gap, this article extends Bourdieusian theorizing beyond that deployed by Hakim (2010) and Green (2008) concerning ‘erotic capital’ to demonstrate how norms in GVOs can facilitate or frustrate mobilization of ‘ageing capital’ by middle‐aged gay men living in Manchester (UK), which has implications for comparable cities within and beyond a UK context. Based on interviews with 22 men aged 39–55, this article demonstrates how ‘ageing capital’ can facilitate challenge to gay ageism but also how such ageism can frustrate and even overwhelm men's capacities to deploy ageing capital in generic GVOs, thus reinforcing intergenerational conflict and expression of ageism towards younger gay men. In doing so, this article contributes to knowledge about the reproduction of the relations of ageism in a particular field of gay existence.     

Subjective well‐being in the new China: religion,social capital,and social status

We present the first nationally representative evidence on the relationship between religion and subjective well‐being for the case of China. Research on Western societies tends to find a positive association between being religious and level of well‐being. China provides an interesting critical case as the religious population is growing rapidly and the religious and socioeconomic environments are profoundly different from Western societies, implying different mechanisms might be at work. We hypothesize to find a positive association between religion and well‐being in China too, but argue social capital, for which strong evidence is often found in Western societies, is unlikely to be an important mechanism because religion in China is generally non‐congregational. Instead, we argue that the private and subjective dimension of religion matters for well‐being in China by helping adherents have an improved sense of social status relative to the non‐religious in the context of rapid social change and growing inequality. Our results generally support these predictions.     

Goodness-of-fit test for exponentiality based on spacings for general progressive Type-II censored data

There have been numerous tests proposed to determine whether or not the exponential model is suitable for a given data set. In this article, we propose a new test statistic based on spacings to test whether the general progressive Type-II censored samples are from exponential distribution. The null distribution of the test statistic is discussed and it could be approximated by the standard normal distribution. Meanwhile, we propose an approximate method for calculating the expectation and variance of samples under null hypothesis and corresponding power function is also given. Then, a simulation study is conducted. We calculate the approximation of the power based on normality and compare the results with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation under different alternatives with distinct types of hazard function. Results of simulation study disclose that the power properties of this statistic by using Monte Carlo simulation are better for the alternatives with monotone increasing hazard function, and otherwise, normal approximation simulation results are relatively better. Finally, two illustrative examples are presented.     

风险投资支撑环境的作用机理分析

风险投资支撑环境主要包括经济、文化、科技、金融、人才、社会中介服务、法律法规和政策等八个支撑要素。由于各要素演进发展的规律不同,风险投资支撑环境分为"诱致性"和"强制性"两类。诱致性支撑环境是强制性支撑环境存在和发展的基础和前提;强制性支撑环境完善了诱致性支撑环境,为诱致性支撑环境的发展提供了保证。各诱致性支撑环境中的经济、文化、科技、金融和人才要素与强制性支撑环境中的社会中介服务、法律法规和政策要素之间存在着相互作用和制约关系。通过对风险投资支撑环境作用机理的分析,使我们在认识和培育我国风险投资的支撑环境方面得到了一些启示。     

教育扩展与大学生就业率的变化

典型调查表明,就业率在教育扩展中呈现下降趋势,近二年研究生处于短缺或基本平衡状态,本科生处于就业困难状态,专科生处于就业危机状态,不同专业毕业生的就业率存在一定差异。这是我国人力资本投资的风险增大和信号性功能减弱的体现。应根据我国经济发展需要做好高等教育的合理规划,调整高等教育的扩招速度、层次结构和专业结构,规范就业率统计体系,以促进大学生就业。     

循环式国家：转型中国的符号式劳动治理机制探析

抗争政治与国家建设之间的关系是社会运动研究中的一个经典问题。本文通过对一组国有企业退休工人为维护退休金权益所展开的十年抗争进行过程事件分析,来勾勒国家在劳动治理过程中逐步形成的官僚场域。这个官僚场域由三个相互交叉的圈子所构成：信访办圈子、信访办与法院之间的圈子、中央与地方之间的圈子。这些交叉的圈子所构成的国家场域一方面通过对抗争的制度化循环而拉长了工人的斗争时间,分散了抗争的空间,从而有效遏止了抗争的激进化,另一方面则通过抗争工人与国家代理人之间的叙事化互动促进了国家资本的激活与流通,从而实现了对抗争者的象征性支配。     

The relevance of institutions and people’s preferences in the PSNP and IN-SCT programmes in Ethiopia

The effective implementation of social protection interventions is key for achieving positive change. The existing literature mainly focuses on issues related to programme design and impact, rather than the factors that influence the emergence, expansion and provision of these programmes. This article builds on the recent literature that indicates that the quality of institutions and people’s preferences play an important role in the implementation of social protection. It does so by using Ethiopia and its Productive Safety Net Programme – one of the largest social protection programmes in sub-Saharan Africa – as a case study, thereby contributing to debates on how to implement social protection more effectively, particularly in settings of widespread poverty and relatively low levels of institutional capacity. Based on primary qualitative data, the article finds that greater institutional quality at the local level is associated with the more effective provision of social protection. The ability of community members and social protection clients to voice preferences can lead to adaptations in implementation, although the extent to which this occurs is highly gendered.     

论人力资本投资与健康城市建设

从人力资本投资角度研究健康城市建设,我们发现,健康城市建设与人力资本投资是一种相辅相成的关系。一方面,健康城市建设具有增进人力资本的巨大功能,健康城市的宗旨、过程和具体指标都起到了增加人力资本存量的客观效果;另一方面,人力资本投资推动了健康城市建设,对教育、医疗保健、劳动力流动等方面的投资是健康城市建设的先决条件。因此,必须优化人力资本投资的主体结构、类别结构、地区结构和城乡结构,推进健康城市建设。