ChatGPT赋能智慧法院建设:机遇、挑战和规制

ChatGPT类生成式人工智能在海量的数据、优质的算法与强大的算力支撑下能够实现多项技术赋能。但ChatGPT类生成式人工智能是否能够适用到智慧司法领域,以及在何种程度上将其嵌入,尤其是该项技术在赋能智慧法院建设过程中的边界如何,这对于深层次建设智慧法院具有重要的前提性意义。ChatGPT类生成式人工智能技术通过审判活动的智能化运用,可促进可视正义的实现;通过诉讼服务的可及性,可实现司法为民理念;通过公平与效率的动态平衡,可实现能动司法目标。然而,ChatGPT类生成式人工智能在带来上述诸多技术红利的同时,也引发了一系列新的风险,具体可以划分为由数据“幻觉性”引发的一般风险、由技术垄断性导致的重要风险以及由数据不可控产生的核心风险。对这些风险,应根据不同的风险特征采取相应的规制路径:可以通过对训练数据库的标准化构建以实现数据的“幻觉性”规制,通过辅助性原则的引入而实现技术规制,通过对服务提供者科加义务以实现对数据不可控的数据规制。即运用数据“幻觉性”规制、技术规制与数据规制,实现对ChatGPT类生成式人工智能技术嵌入的一般风险、重要风险与核心风险的防范,以期完成ChatGPT类生成式人工智能技术嵌入智慧法庭建设的风险最小化与技术赋能最大化,最终实现该项技术高质量赋能智慧法院建设。     

文学史中的作家形象问题--以《中国现代文学三十年》(修订本)中的刘云若为例

文学史意识、文学史观的形成必然受制于历史、现实与个体,文学史著作因而具有天生的主观性,不可避免地带来文学史对象的选择、诠释和文学历史文本建构的主观性、个人性,刘云若的文学史命运和绘形,便是此主观性的具体体现.文学史著选择、过滤众多史料时,不可舍弃深刻影响作家创作内在生成机制及其心理构成的部分;文学史家在书写时应高屋建瓴地透视对象的作品,深层次把握作家创作的灵魂.只有这样,能在史实和史识的博达洞见中,与对象作有价值的、心灵深处的对话.     

The journey from pain to power: A meta-ethnography on women’s experiences of vaginal birth after caesarean

Background

Vaginal birth after caesarean can be a safe and satisfying option for many women who have had a previous caesarean, yet rates of vaginal birth after caesarean remain low in the majority of countries. Exploring women’s experiences of vaginal birth after caesarean can improve health practitioners’ understanding of the factors that facilitate or hinder women in the journey to have a vaginal birth after caesarean.

A measuring instrument to evaluate e-service quality in a revenue authority setting

Tax revenue forms the backbone of any economy. The quality of the e-services provided by a revenue authority is therefore crucial, as e-service quality directly influences the burden of complying with tax obligations, and hence affects the tax compliance climate in a country. The aim of the study is the development of a measuring instrument that encapsulates the ‘lens of a tax practitioner’ in an e-service revenue authority setting. In order to develop a conceptual framework, an in-depth, qualitative approach was used to identify a comprehensive range of service attributes and dimensions that potentially drive e-service quality in the revenue authority setting. This framework is then compared with other relevant service quality models to derive at a proposed e-service quality-measuring instrument. Findings from this study may advance the understanding and the management of the e-service quality of the e-services in a revenue authority setting.     

PR goes to the movies: The image of public relations improves from 1996 to 2008

This qualitative analysis of public relations in popular Hollywood films from 1996 to 2008 looks at three questions: first, how is the PR practitioner portrayed in recent films? Second, what kind of public relations activities and models of public relations are depicted? Third, how do other scholars’ results in prior studies apply to the portrayal of public relations in current films? Results show that for major films from Mars Attacks! (1996) to Hancock (2008), public relations practitioners are more credible, respected and influential, and PR work is more varied and complex than found in studies of films through 1995.     

Dropping the ball on media inquiries: The role of deadlines in media catching

Deadlines have always played a significant role in the practice of public relations, especially the media relations specialization. Public relations textbooks and practitioner handbooks encourage budding practitioners to learn how and when journalists, broadcasters, and Internet authors work so that they may pitch story ideas to them appropriately. Even though media catching, an emerging trend in media relations, reverses the traditional direction of story pitching, deadlines are still critical for this new media relations approach. Through a content analysis of 2802 Help-A-Reporter-Out media requests, this study examines how deadlines vary among media outlets engaging in this new media relations story. Statistically significant differences provide insights for public relations practitioners as to how they can best utilize the service to compete for media placements.     

Transition within transition: How young people learn to leave behind institutional care whilst their carers are stuck in neutral

This paper discusses findings from a qualitative longitudinal study which explored the process of leaving long-stay institutional state care in Romania during 2002-4, a period at the heart of accelerated EU-enforced childcare reform. 28 young people were interviewed before leaving care and 17 were tracked up to 8 months after discharge. 18 practitioners were also interviewed.The findings confirmed Pinkerton's (2006) emphasis on the impact of global and national factors on the individual experience of leaving care. This study took place in a country undergoing widespread change. The care leavers' irreversible transition took place within the simultaneous professional transition of their carers and that of the community with which they needed to integrate. This insight is widely relevant in the current context of public funding cuts and changes in welfare policy in many countries, including the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries.Bridges (2009) was used to understand the experiences of care leavers and their carers. Bridges stresses the role of the leader in creating protective conditions for traversing three unavoidable transition stages: 1. ending old identity/behaviour; 2. a neutral zone of deconstruction and transformation; and 3. a new beginning. Preparation for leaving care can be viewed as learning to end care, followed by the neutral zone which begins at discharge. When lacking family support, formal carers are the young people's main transition guides. However, their professional transition also needs management. Because of top-down, accelerated childcare reforms, the Romanian carers' transitions appeared stuck in the neutral zone, affecting preparation for leaving care. Yet, the availability of learning opportunities after discharge changed the nature of the neutral zone for most of the sample who did better than expected at follow-up. This, supported by Bridges' proposal that learning during transition influences future coping, offers a foundation for new theory.     

山西省IT行业从业人员健康状况的研究

通过文献资料调研、问卷调查以及数理统计等方法,对山西省IT行业从业人员健康状况进行了分析研究,得出结论:该行业人员工作时间长,体育锻炼情况差;患失眠、神经性疾病、骨关节疾病、消化系统疾病等疾病的人数居多;亚健康人群比例大,亚健康情况严重;对维护健康所采取措施的认识情况不错,但执行力不够.     

Determining the skills for child protection practice: emerging from the quagmire!

This paper, the second in a series of two, presents and analyses the results of an extended literature review undertaken for a Master's dissertation, the purpose of which was to establish the evidence base for the learning and teaching of skills for child protection practice. The review, discussed in the previous paper, was carried out in two stages. An initial search yielded a very small number of studies of direct relevance but they provided the trigger and the key words for a second search. Many potentially useful areas had to be omitted from the second stage because of limited resources, but the two stages in the search generated large amounts of material, much of which was indirectly relevant to child protection practice. The review did not achieve the original aim of determining skills that are identified through research and other evidence as being essential for child protection practice, but it was possible to draw some conclusions. For example, evidence was found of the importance of a range of communication skills, whether these be child focused, carer focused or inter‐professional. Skills in managing conflict and challenge were found to be crucial, with the importance of role clarification being acknowledged. There was some evidence of the use of decision‐making skills and problem‐solving skills, but little research that explored procedural skills. This paper reports on gaps in the literature identified by the review, and indicates where further research would be beneficial. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.