外部资源利用和中小企业成长能力演化机理

中小企业在推动我国经济转型和供给侧改革方面的作用不可替代,现实问题是我国中小企业面临着广泛的资源约束,因此强化对外部资源的获取和利用能力极其重要,尤其是互补性和关键性外部资源的获取和利用。在对外部资源进行分类的基础上,凝练出网络化嵌入、合作式集群和用户参与三种外部资源的利用方式。然后,通过建立SLIC分析模型概括出中小企业将外部资源演化成自身成长能力的分享机制、学习机制、整合机制和协同机制。逻辑上,分享机制和协同机制重在对外部资源的合理选择,学习机制和整合机制意在生成动态创新能力,形成持续竞争优势。最后选取科技型、制造型和服务型的中小企业各一家分别对其成长过程中的外部资源利用和能力演化机制进行文本检验分析。     

Short-term Perceptions,Corporate Governance and the Management of R & D in Italian Companies

The aim of this paper was tomeasure the short-term perceptions of FinanceDirectors and how managers react to pressuresfrom the financial and corporate governancesystems in the management of R and Dexpenditure and innovation. The studyreplicates Demirag's U.K. study.Results do not support the proposition that thefinancial and governance systems behave in ashort-term manner in general. The bankingsystem in Italy tends to be neutral as regardsthe firm's decision making and management hasthe freedom to steer the firm forward in aframework of long-term profitability andgrowth. Italian firms are not perceived asbeing possible candidates for take-overoperations, which might exacerbate the problemof pressure to deliver short-term profits atthe expense of long-term R and D investments.However, in some sectors and under certain sizeand ownership structure conditions short-termpressures are felt more strongly: they aremainly science-based sectors as well as sometraditional sectors (engineering and constructions).In higher-pressured firms (HPFs) managementtends to place more emphasis on costs than onproduct innovation and is more likely to view Rand D as an overhead that has to be trimmedduring a recession. Moreover, the controlmechanisms tend toward short-term accountingmeasures. In addition, the prevalent sources ofshort-term pressures – where they are present– are interestingly different in Italy than inthe U.K.: while in the Anglo-Saxon context theyare perceived to come from the market andfinancial institutions, in Italy they areperceived to come from the firm ownersthemselves.     

Robin Williams and the Long Twentieth Century of American Sociology … or Back to the Future

In this essay, I reflect on the ways elements of Robin M. Williams Jr.'s research agenda might be carried forth in a meaningful way to sociological studies of twenty-first-century phenomena—in particular identifying the ways in which the facts of human interaction, of human expectation, and of human influence shapes outcomes of significance for our present, our future, and, therefore, our past.     

创新文化结构特征及其功能发挥机理研究

创新文化内涵的丰富性决定了对其研究不能停留在静态的认识层面，尤其是在科学研究领域，动态深入的研究对系统地认识和建设创新文化具有重要的意义。文章从创新文化功能得以发挥的角度探讨创新文化的结构特征及其发挥作用的内在机理。     

The Schooling Experience of Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Youth in lsrael: Falling Below and Rising Above as a Matter of Social Ecology

ABSTRACT

Research on the schooling experience of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth in Israel and in other Western countries has been largely risk-focused, whereas extrinsic and intrinsic protective factors, which enable LGB adolescent students to cope with school homophobic bullying, are often overlooked. To address this shortcoming, the researchers conducted a qualitative study based on semistructured interviews with 20 LGB-identified secondary school students. The findings and implications emphasized the key role of adequate ecological protective factors for LGB youth in enhancing effective coping mechanisms in response to school homophobic bullying.     

弱势群体的产生根源与生成机制探析

必须从政治与经济的双纬度上来理解弱势群体。弱势群体的本质在于其自身政治与经济的特殊同构性,弱势群体的产生根源于中国社会转型过程中政治与经济的结合方式及其发展趋势。经过体制分化、结构断裂和阶层相对关系模式再生产,政治与经济从不同构到不合理同构再到自我复制,这就是弱势群体的生成机制。建构政治民主和经济公平是解决弱势群体问题的根本途径。     

吸收能力、专用机制与研发边界开放度

内容提要：在开放创新背景下,吸收能力、专用机制对企业研发边界开放度决策具有重要影响;本文运用资源基础、产权以及期权与交易成本理论构建了一个关于吸收能力、专用机制和相关控制变量对研发边界开放度决策影响的综合解释框架,提出了四个理论假设;根据现有文献样本,运用元分析方法,对假设进行了检验;最后,指出了进一步研究方向。     

论当代中国黑社会性质组织生成的社会机制

当代中国黑社会性质组织的产生、泛滥 ,严重危及社会治安 ,妨碍民众正常生活工作 ,成为社会治安的一个突出问题。当代中国黑社会性质组织的生成 ,离不开当代中国社会机制。当代中国黑社会性质组织生成的社会机制 ,涉及到社会转型机制、社会控制机制、基层政权机制、社会文化机制、社会心理机制、社会教育机制等方面 ,这些方面又相互作用 ,相互影响。我们应针对黑社会性质组织形成的深层社会背景 ,加强社会综合治理 ,建立起立体的打击防范体系 ,切不可条块分割 ,以偏代全。     

国家审计机关完善审计整改工作机制研究

国家审计整改工作机制包括计划管理机制、责任落实机制、协调沟通机制、效果评价机制和信息公开机制,其优化对策包括确立审计整改主体的法律地位、不断增强审计整改的独立性、准确定位审计整改的目标、创新审计整改的技术方法、健全审计整改的信息管理系统、优化审计机关与其他整改主体的协调沟通机制、建立专门的预算制度,增加审计经费投入,以及不断完善国家审计整改具体准则。