广东省在业人口职业结构时空变迁：1982—2005

本文通过对人口普查数据资料的整理,分析了广东省改革开放以来职业结构时空变迁的趋势,研究发现,广东省职业结构变迁的特点与产业结构的变化及区域发展差异有显著相关。在此基础上,探讨了广东省职业结构优化的对策。     

How far do children move? Spatial distances after leaving the parental home

This research used geocoded data from 11 waves (2000-2010) of the German Socio-economic Panel Study to investigate the spatial distances of young adults’ initial move-outs (N = 2113) from their parents’ homes. Linear regression models predicted moving distances by factors at individual, family, household, and community level. Overall, home leavers moved across very small distances with a median value of less than 10 km. Greater distances were found for well-educated and childless home leavers who moved out at relatively young ages from high-income households located in less-urbanized regions. In line with developmental models of migration, young adults stayed closer if the parental household was still located at their place of childhood. We conclude that considering the spatial distance of move-outs may advance our understanding of individual passages to adulthood and intergenerational relations across the life course.     

An evaluation of likelihood-based bandwidth selectors for spatial and spatiotemporal kernel estimates

Spatial point pattern data sets are commonplace in a variety of different research disciplines. The use of kernel methods to smooth such data is a flexible way to explore spatial trends and make inference about underlying processes without, or perhaps prior to, the design and fitting of more intricate semiparametric or parametric models to quantify specific effects. The long-standing issue of ‘optimal’ data-driven bandwidth selection is complicated in these settings by issues such as high heterogeneity in observed patterns and the need to consider edge correction factors. We scrutinize bandwidth selectors built on leave-one-out cross-validation approximation to likelihood functions. A key outcome relates to previously unconsidered adaptive smoothing regimens for spatiotemporal density and multitype conditional probability surface estimation, whereby we propose a novel simultaneous pilot-global selection strategy. Motivated by applications in epidemiology, the results of both simulated and real-world analyses suggest this strategy to be largely preferable to classical fixed-bandwidth estimation for such data.     

Do the most successful migrants emulate natives in well‐being? The compound effect of geographical and social mobility

A growing body of research has been focusing on the well‐being consequences of migration, yet most of this has overlooked the fact that many migrants experience intragenerational social mobility alongside geographical mobility. Without accounting for the effect of social mobility in working life, the impact of geographical mobility on well‐being cannot be clearly examined. This paper focuses on the most successful migrants, who have started from the bottom and have achieved upward social mobility in the course of their careers, and compares their well‐being with that of native non‐migrants who have experienced a similar intragenerational social mobility trajectory. The analysis is based on a recent national survey in China, which has a representative sample for both the overall population and migrants. Findings show that migrants, whether from an urban or rural origin, have better incomes but significantly lower levels of well‐being than natives, even with a similar career advancement trajectory and the same destination class position. Further exploration shows that the well‐being disadvantage of migrants is mainly due to institutional and sociocultural barriers, rather than to reward differentials in the labour market. This may have a wider implication for migrants across national borders.     

地理标志茶叶生产企业质量控制行为影响因素分析 ——以黄山市为例

文章利用黄山市76家地理标志茶叶生产企业质量控制状况的调查数据,采用二元Logistic回归模型,从企业自身特征、政府监管状况、企业与供应链上下游之间的关系、企业成本收益状况四个方面对地理标志茶企提高地理标志茶叶质量控制行为进行分析。结果表明,政府惩罚力度、原料控制程度、目标市场、成本收益状况四个因素是影响地理标志茶企是否提高地理标志茶叶质量的关键因素。     

Social and spatial networks: Kinship distance and dwelling unit proximity in rural Thailand

We address a long hypothesized relationship between the proximity of individuals’ dwelling units and their kinship association. Better understanding this relationship is important because of its implications for contact and association among members of a society. In this paper, we use a unique dataset from Nang Rong, Thailand which contains dwelling unit locations (GPS) and saturated kinship networks of all individuals living in 51 agricultural villages. After presenting arguments for a relationship between individuals’ dwelling unit locations and their kinship relations as well as the particulars of our case study, we introduce the data and describe our analytic approach. We analyze how kinship – considered as both a system linking collections of individuals in an extended kinship network and as dyadic links between pairs of individuals – patterns the proximity of dwelling units in rural villages. The results show that in general, extended kin live closer to one another than do unrelated individuals. Further, the degree of relatedness between kin correlates with the distance between their dwelling units. Close kin are more likely to co-reside, a fact which drives much of the relationship between kinship relatedness and dwelling unit proximity within villages. There is nevertheless suggestive evidence of a relationship between kinship association and dwelling unit proximity among kin who do not live together.     

中国蝗灾历史和治蝗观

对蝗虫字源的演变作了考证,对蝗灾发生的过程进行探讨,根据历史上蝗灾的记载次数、蝗灾的猖獗和损失作了介绍,并根据方志上记载的蝗灾地点所绘的地理分布图,与现代蝗灾的地理分布对照,指出有类似的规律性.重点探讨历史上天人合一的宇宙观对应付蝗灾的矛盾心态.在统治者方面,认为蝗灾是上天对吏治过失的惩诫,必须自我谴责思过;另一方面,迫于蝗灾的损害惨重,又不得不进行捕蝗灭蝗措施.在民间方面,认为蝗灾是蝗神显威,必须虔诚祭祀蝗神,以求蝗神宽恕.同样,由于蝗灾并非祭祀所能解决,民间也不得不进行各种治蝗灭蝗的斗争,积累了一定的经验,到明清时期开始出现了治蝗的专书.指出,天人感应也有其合乎生态原理的积极意义,注意到保护和改善生态环境对降低蝗灾发生量有一定作用.     

论我国农产品地理标志保护制度的完善

作为农业知识产权的一部分,地理标志保护更多的与农产品联系在一起,是承载着巨大经济及社会价值的无形财产。我国历史悠久,地域广阔,农产品资源丰富,蕴含着地理标志开发和保护的较大潜力。本文从介绍农产品地理标志保护的意义人手,分析了我国农产品地理标志保护中存在的问题。通过比较国外先进立法,对未来我国农产品地理标志保护模式的选择和保护制度的完善提出了自己的见解。     

西部地区农产品地理标志的保护现状及建议

西部地区达到地理标志要求的农产品资源十分丰富,但从申请所占的比例到保护的力度、理念相比东部都有所不足。地理标志区别于普通商标、证明商标、原产地标志、来源标识等概念,其内在要求即证明商品的特别质量、声誉或品质与来源地的特殊联系。地理标志使用得当能大大促进西部农产品的规模化、农业现代化。结合西部地理标志的申请和保护的实际情况,我国对地理标志保护的法律规定,同时借鉴国外专门立法的保护制度,提出对西部农产品地理标志保护的立法及其他措施的建议。