拓展选择主义：城市贫困救助目标的再定位

近年来,城市新贫困现象日渐凸出。以最低生活保障为基础的城市贫困救助体系在“设标”和“寻标”环节均存在缺陷,难以适应城市贫困形势发展的需要。城市贫困救助体系的改革必须对“谁是贫困者”“如何寻找贫困者”等问题进行重新回答,拓展选择的目标范围,更新工作思路,让更多贫困者受惠。     

Measuring Multidimensional Aspiration Gaps: A Means to Understanding Cultural Aspects of Poverty

This article links primary research into the way subjective well‐being among poor people can be defined and measured to the growing literature on poverty as a failure of capacity to aspire. Data from Bangladesh, Thailand and Peru are used to illustrate a measurement strategy based on defining well‐being as a function of the gap between individuals’ diverse and multiple aspirations, and their satisfaction with achieving them. Such analysis has the potential to illuminate variation in individual and local capacity to respond to different development opportunities. It also warns against the limitations of treating aspirations as a single rather than a multidimensional concept.     

Assessing the performance of the least developed countries in terms of the Millennium Development Goals

This article presents a proposal for assessing the progress of least developed countries towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals over the period 2000–2015. Composite indices are built to perform spatial and temporal benchmarking relying on the P2 Distance method. The results are contrasted with other indices developed under a multi-criterion approach with a double reference point. The main findings are that all the countries have improved their situation and country disparities have been reduced. Cambodia and Ethiopia have registered the best trends and South Sudan and Timor-Leste show the worse performance. Considering the position in the 2015 ranking, Rwanda and Bhutan performed the best, while Somalia and Chad rank in the last position. Having now reached the end of the Millennium Development Goals period, the gap with respect to the world average indicates that much work remains to be done in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.     

Can we ‘transform our world’ without affecting international power relations? A political analysis of the United Nations development agenda

The Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals are the latest instalments of a development endeavour started by the United Nations (UN) after WWII. This article conducts a discourse analysis of the UN development agenda, drawing on Laclau and Mouffe’s post-Marxist thought – which combines post-structuralist discourse analysis and Marxist (Gramscian) political analysis. The essay exposes the ontological tenets underlying the UN’s agenda, and how it conditions the way social issues are understood and addressed. It explains how the agenda conceals the political dimension of development and sustainability debates. Rather than ‘transform our world’, the UN development agenda (1) hinders practices that would truly transform it in terms of more emancipation and justice, and (2) subtly reinforces the power dynamics that sustain the status quo in which underdevelopment, poverty, inequality, and exclusion emerged.     

中小学书法教育目标刍议

目前我国对于书法教育的意义、目标、方法、实践等缺乏清晰统一的理念,同时也因为师资力量的缺乏而使得很多学校的书法课有名无实,而书法教育中的名利思想也影响着教育者对书法艺术的理解与深入,这使得书法课程并没有能够充分发挥其作用。文章溯本求源,对“写字”与“书法”、“写字课”与“书法课”的关系进行反思,对于书法给人带来的心智的开启进行探讨,从而揭示中小学书法教育目标的真正所在。     

“实践性教学基地群”建设研究——基于金融学专业本科实践性教学基地的探索

金融学专业(本科)实践性教学具有巩固性、应用性、建构性三大目标。由于实践性教学目标多元、金融业务多样和学生集中教学,实践性教学基地应该采用集群的方式来构建。实践性教学基地群的运行,将对知识的传承与创新产生重大影响。     

学生自主选择学习目标的课程教学调查研究——以在职教师《教育技术学》课程教学为例

在职教师《教育技术学》教学中,由于学习目标不明确、教学方式单一,造成学生学习动力不足、学而不能用等问题。实验研究结果表明学生自主选择学习目标的教学方法在激发学习兴趣,吸引学生主动参与学习活动,课后在自己的教学中主动运用所学知识技能等方面要优于教师告知学生学习目标的教学方法。     

基于预算目标特点的预算松弛实证分析

在文献回顾的基础上,本文根据369份有效调查问卷数据对预算目标清晰度和难度影响预算松弛问题进行了实证分析。研究发现,在预算参与的前提下,预算目标清晰度和难度对组织预算松弛之间产生着客观的负向和正向的影响,而沟通与报酬体系则会对这种影响起到推动作用。文章认为,研究和控制预算目标的特点,是认识和治理预算松弛的客观基础,也是提高预算控制理论研究深度、提升预算管理水平的重要途径。     

营养信息对消费者食品网购意愿的影响

网络食品营养信息有助于消费者在网购时了解食品的营养成分并做出健康食品的选择,改善居民的营养健康问题。通过4个实验,从精确性和说明性的角度探究了网络食品营养信息对消费者购买意愿的影响。研究发现:(1)相较于客观型营养信息,评估型营养信息会导致消费者购买网络食品时感知到更高的易于理解性和更低的信息可信性,进而影响购买意愿。(2)消费者对网络食品营养信息的偏好会受到其目标的调节。当消费者具有达成型目标时,客观型营养信息会通过更高的信息可信性来提高消费者的购买意愿。当消费者具有维持型目标时,评估型营养信息会通过更高的易于理解性来提高消费者的购买意愿。因此,企业管理人员和政府及有关社会组织在选择网络食品营养信息类型时应该将消费者目标考虑在内。