社会治理现代化语境下的权利话语和关系话语

现代社会治理的根本问题在于建立国家权力和公民权利间的良性关系。因此,现代化的社会治理必须以法治为基本方式。然而,在面对日益严峻的社会治理问题时,作为法治社会主流话语的权利话语却遭遇了许多质疑。对权利话语的西方背景和中国语境的分析可以表明,权利话语在西方社会遭到的批评并不足以证成其在中国的困境;相反,以特殊主义和功利主义为特点的关系话语才是该问题的原因。     

大学生实习期间的权益保护

大学生在实习期间合法权益被侵犯的事件时有发生,其主要原因在于大学生、高等学校和实习单位之间的法律关系主体地位不明确与权利义务关系模糊、实习大学生处于弱势地位以及缺乏法律的特殊关怀。因此,维护大学生在实习期间的合法权益,应当从明确大学生实习所牵涉的法律关系主体入手,建立大学生实习管理制度,完善实习协议约束机制,明确各主体之间的法律地位和权利义务,同时还要通过为实习大学生购买实习意外险的形式建立实习风险分担机制。     

Intergenerational Exchanges of Middle‐Aged Adults With Their Parents and Parents‐In‐Law in Korea

The authors investigated patterns of support exchanges between Korean adult children and their parents and parents‐in‐law, gender differences in these patterns, and implications of children's marital quality for exchange patterns. Data were from a nationally representative sample of married adults (N = 920, age 30–59 years) with at least 1 living parent and 1 living parent‐in‐law. Latent class analysis was applied to 12 indicators of exchanges (financial, instrumental, emotional support given to and received from parents and parents‐in‐law). Five classes of exchanges were identified, 3 showing balanced patterns of exchanges with parents and parents‐in‐law across three types of support and 2 classes with unbalanced patterns (e.g., giving instrumental and financial but not emotional support). The findings revealed variability in intergenerational exchange patterns, with a mix of patrilineal traditional and balanced patterns. Significant associations of exchange patterns with adult children's marital quality suggest the importance of balanced exchanges with parents for marriage.     

Adult Adoptees as Partners and Parents: The Joint Task of Revisiting the Adoption History

Adoption is unanimously considered a lifelong process, but adulthood and parenthood are life cycle stages that up to now have been explored only marginally. The principal aim of the present study is twofold: first, to analyze whether and how parenthood might lead the adoptee and his/her partner to reinterpret the adoption history and, second, to verify whether the attitudes of the two partners concerning adoption are similar or complementary. Thirty-four couples consisting of one adopted and one non-adopted partner, now parents, were interviewed and a graphic instrument, the Double Moon Test, was administered. Results revealed that most couples showed a shared attitude in valorizing both the origin background and the adoptive family. However, in a number of cases a divergent position emerged, highlighting the crucial role of the non-adopted partner in encouraging the adoptee to revisit his/her adoption history. Overall, the practical relevance of the research findings is discussed and future direction of research are suggested.     

滇泰经贸关系的现状、问题与发展前景

滇泰经贸关系从纵向来看已经有了很大发展,但人横向来比,特别是与滇缅与滇越经贸关系,还不尽如人意。目前泰国尚未摆脱经济危机,影响了滇泰经贸关系的进一步发展。中国加入世界贸易组织以及东盟自由贸易区的即将建成为滇泰经贸关系取得新的突破带来了前所未有的机遇。     

‘What about the couple?’ Interracial marriage and psychological distress

We explore the association between racial composition of couples—that is, whether they are interracial or homogamous—and the psychological distress of their members, as measured in a screening scale for non-specific psychological distress. We use a pooled 1997–2001 National Health Interview Survey sample of the married and cohabiting population of the United States. We compare the odds of distress for interracial vs. same race married/cohabiting adults. There are several key findings. Interracial marriage is associated with increases in severe distress for Native American men, white women, and for Hispanic men and women married to non-white spouses, compared to endogamous members of the same groups. Higher rates of distress are observed for intermarried persons with African American or Native American husbands or wives, and for women with Hispanic husbands. Lower socioeconomic status explains approximately half of the increased distress experienced by white women, while higher socioeconomic status partially suppresses increases in distress for Hispanic men and women.     

新时期国有企业劳动关系研究:一个劳动者视角的分析

在国有企业劳动关系转型过程中,劳动者的地位、所拥有的资源以及自由流动的空间,与管理者相比较,存在较大反差。在劳动关系合作与冲突所必须凭借的权力与资源利用上,劳动者阶层处于弱势地位,其行动包含自尊与忍耐的双重矛盾。国有企业劳动关系格局中的劳动者阶层具有深刻的双重性。在貌似矛盾与具有浓厚意识形态色彩的“主人翁”与“劳动者”之间,存在许多理解误区。面对国有企业内部阶层分化与社会阶层定型化的客观现实,国有企业的劳动者个体有着自己独特的主观感受。国有企业改制中产权先行、劳权虚置的改革逻辑引发了劳动关系中的结构性问题。劳动者作为个体面对这些结构性问题时有心态异化之虞。欲实现国有企业劳动关系格局中产权与劳权的和谐共生,政府需要对国有企业产权运行做出创造性的制度安排。     

海外华侨华人与侨乡关系演变的特点

侨乡侨批业和侨汇发达 ,形成了以外购内销为特点的侨乡社会。新中国成立后 ,海外华侨华人与侨乡也出现了多种联系方式。随着海外社团日益国际化 ,出现了以地缘、血缘为主的社团回国寻根热 ,侨乡的范围逐渐扩展到内地。改革开放后 ,侨乡靠政策、技术致富 ,而侨乡新移民的文化素质不容乐观。随着新移民留学生人数的增加 ,文化发达的内地大中城市、高校和科研单位成为“新侨乡”。不同时期海外华侨华人与侨乡关系的不同特点 ,成为今日政府制订侨务政策的依据     

第十三世达赖喇嘛转世灵童候选拉木登珠1938—1939年间滞留西宁问题探析

1938-1939年间,第十三世达赖喇嘛转世灵童候选拉木登珠被迫滞留西宁,学界多以此事为青海省政府主席马步芳牟取私利向西藏噶厦政府勒索钱财所为。但是,相关档案资料显示,此事经历了性质不同的两个阶段:前期中央政府利用在青海觅得达赖喇嘛转世灵童候选之机,通过阻留拉木登珠与西藏噶厦政府进行政治交涉,目的在于改善与西藏地方政府的关系,客观上为维护中央政府的权威创造了有利条件;后期马步芳违抗中央命令,扣留拉木登珠,企图借机控制西藏。在其政治阴谋失败后,又对西藏噶厦政府实施敲诈勒索。这一事件反映了民国政府在特定的历史条件下为维护中央政府对西藏主权所做的努力以及当时中国社会的政治无序状态。     

劳动关系:理论与不同模式的比较

劳动关系是生产关系和社会关系中最重要的组成部分。在资本主义工业化的过程中,劳动关系集中反映了资本主义的本质。20世纪中叶以来,欧洲以社会市场经济为代表的模式对资本主义的劳动关系进行了重大的改造。这种以自由和社会公正为核心的经济模式,使劳动者受到社会保护,要求资本承担社会责任,为劳资两大集团和解与合作,为社会的团结提供了基础。中国在经济体制转型中,劳动关系随着市场化的改革发生了深刻的变化,在一些地方暴露出尖锐的矛盾。如何建立和谐劳动关系成为构建社会主义和谐社会的重要环节。现阶段和谐的劳动关系只能在多层次劳动关系的基础上构建。