Using sibling data to understand the impact of family group decision-making on child welfare outcomes

Few studies have examined the impact of family group decision-making (FGDM) on child welfare outcomes. Studies in this area have often suffered from small sample sizes and lack of adequate comparison groups. Since FGDM is administered at the family level, sibling data provides an ideal way to compensate for small sample sizes and low enrollment rates in research evaluating FGDM. This study utilized sibling data from California's Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration Project Evaluation in Fresno and Riverside Counties to compare child welfare outcomes for children of families randomly assigned to receive FGDM (Fresno County, n = 110; Riverside County, n = 87) to children of families assigned to receive traditional child welfare services (Fresno County, n = 74; Riverside County, n = 52). After controlling for clustering effects using general estimating equations (GEE), group differences in child maltreatment, placement stability, and permanence were modeled using linear and logistic regression. Outcomes from both counties suggested no group differences. Though neutral outcomes on child welfare indicators may bring into question FGDM's efficacy for changing child welfare outcomes, this study confirms previous findings with smaller sample sizes on the impact of FGDM and demonstrates a methodological improvement over individual or family-case analyses.     

结果公正与程序公正——兼论城市边缘群体的权益保护

社会公正不光指结果公正也包括程序公正。城市边缘群体———农民工遭受歧视的症结主要出在程序的操作上。我们对理想的结果公正的追求 ,需要用对程序公正的尊重加以调节。公正需要而且可以在实践中把握。我们在追求结果公正的过程中首先必须尽可能地实现程序公正     

利用初等变换求向量组的极大无关组

本文讨论了一个向量组的极大无关组求解问题，根据初等变换的性质，通过对向量矩阵进行适当的行（列）变换，化成秩矩阵（阶梯形矩阵）从中找出原向量组中对应的极大无关组。     

Threat, Group Identification, and Children's Ethnic Prejudice

This experiment tested predictions from social identity development theory (SIDT, Nesdale, 1999 ), that children's tendency to show out‐group prejudice depends on the strength of their in‐group identification and/or their perception of threat from the out‐group. Anglo‐Australian children (N= 480) aged 6, 7, or 9 years were assigned to a high‐status team and their identification with the in‐group (high vs. low) was manipulated together with threat from the out‐group (present vs. absent). The members of the out‐group were revealed to be of the same (Anglo‐Australian) or different (Pacific Islander) ethnicity to the in‐group. Results supported the SIDT predictions. In addition, consistent with socio‐cognitive theory (ST, Aboud, 1988 ), dislike for the out‐group at 6 years gave way to increasingly neutral reactions by 9 years of age. Ethnic composition of the out‐group did not impact differentially on liking but it did affect the children's desire to change groups. Strongly identified children were reluctant to leave their group regardless of the ethnicity of the out‐group, whereas children with low in‐group identification were more willing to change into a same‐ than into a different‐ethnicity out‐group. It is concluded that both social identity and social cognitive processes are implicated in the development of prejudice in middle childhood.     

高斯波包在截止波导中的传播

分析了电磁波传播时的超光速群速。对高斯波包在分段填充不同介质的波导中的传播情况进行了数值模拟,得到高斯波包通过截止区的群速和能速,并对其中涉及到的“超光速”问题作了一定的分析。通过模拟得出,在一定的截止区长度范围内和一定工作频率范围内,群速超过光速;并得到,波包的能量传播速度(能速)始终不会超过光速。     

RNA是最早出现的遗传物质

本文根据近年来基因组分析和ＲＮＡ研究的进展，从几个不同角度论证了ＲＮＡ是最早出现的基因组，阐述了ＲＮＡ在遗传物质演化中的地位．     

半群上若干同余的泛性刻划

本文给出了半群上的最小右零半群同余,最小半格同余,最小群同余的泛性刻划     

文学史作家并称刍论

本文从中国文化乃至世界文化的大背景下,对中国文学史上作家并称的现象作了宏观的审视,试图揭示其产生的根源并论述其作用与特点,为文学史的研究提供一个新的视角。     

关于Fuzzy商群定义的一点注记

Fuzzy商群是Fuzzy群论的一个重要概念。本文对现有文献中的两种Fuzzy商群的定义进行了比较和分析，还讨论了Fuzzy商群的若干性质。提出了一种较直观又便于操作的Fuzzy商群的定义，并且研究了它的结构问题。     

论新城市群建设

如果我们将城市群界定为被高速交通轴缩短了时空距离的大城市空间,那么,未来中国将形成23个新的城市群。但并不能因为地缘相近就其称为城市群或城市圈,相反,需要打破行政边界,逐步建立区域经济系统;完善基础设施建设机制,建立立体交通体系;建立开放型的城市经济系统,强化城市之间的经济联系;实行资源节约型的城市群发展战略,力促新城市群形成,带动中国步入现代化行列。