陌生化写作的民间资源——再析石舒清《清水里的刀子》

《清水里的刀子》这篇小说通过叙写搭救亡人之前要宰牲的传统民间习俗，以及大牲能看到清水里的刀子的民间传说，使小说具有了丰厚的文化含量与审美意蕴，形成艺术上无穷尽的审美张力。这种艺术效果的取得，主要决定于民间文化资源作为一种他者的“陌生性”。     

供销系统职业教育集团化办学战略发展模式研究--以安徽财贸职教集团为例*

职业教育集团是近年来发展较为迅速的新型职业教育组织形式，它作为我国职业教育改革发展的重要产物，已成为职业教育发展的重要途径之一。这里以安徽财贸职教集团为例，采用SWOT分析法，结合供销系统职业教育集团化办学实践，对其现状和内外环境进行分析，在明确其优势和劣势的前提下，认为要真正发展好供销系统职业教育集团化办学，就必须充分发挥好政府的推动作用、行业协会的指导作用和企业的支撑作用，以及高等职业院校的主体作用。只有这样，才能保证职教集团的健康发展。     

政治身份认同的哲学探讨——对魏玛共和国和波恩共和国前后相关思想的考察

德国思想界在魏玛共和国和波恩共和国前后这段特殊时期内,完成了从德国近世以来形成的民族国家认同到超越这种民族国家认同的狭隘从而走向一个后民族国家的开放性的政治身份认同——即立宪爱国主义——的艰苦转型。诸多思想家就政治身份认同问题展开了讨论,并给出了各自的解决方式,从而揭示了这个问题的实质,即以一种基于议会民主制的公民理性交往的模式来扬弃传统的政治身份认同模式。     

成组生产工序经济控制图的设计与应用研究

经济合理地利用控制图进行成组生产工序质量相对控制，必须先设计出经济控制图，并经济地运用控制图。因此，本文通过一案例阐述了成组生产工序经济控制图的设计方法和经济抽检间隔的确定方法，从而为企业经济合理地进行成组生产工序质量控制提供帮助。     

Ethnic Helping and Group Identity: A Study among Majority Group Children

Two vignette studies were conducted on children's evaluations of ethnic helping. In the first study, 272 native Dutch children (mean age = 10.7) evaluated a child who refused to help in an intra‐group context (Dutch–Dutch or Turkish–Turkish) or inter‐group context (Dutch–Turkish or Turkish–Dutch). Children evaluated not helping in intra‐group situations more negatively than not helping in inter‐group situations. This suggests that they applied a general moral norm of group loyalty that states that children should help peers of their own group. In the second study, 830 children (mean age = 10.7) read the same vignettes after their ethnic group membership was made salient. In the inter‐group contexts, children who strongly identified with their ethnic group evaluated an out‐group member not helping an in‐group member more negatively than vice versa. Thus, when ethnic identity was salient, children tended to focus more on group identity rather than on the principle of group loyalty.     

社会系统的群体经验过程研究

社会系统理论的第三次浪潮提出一个亟待解决的问题,即如何找到一个合适的理论来描述社会过程,尤其是描述社会系统的群体经验生成过程,过程思想则为探究这个问题提供了原则性的分析工具.过程思想构建出一种经验分析模型,强调感受经验、感受经验的传递、客观经验的突现、过程因果效力的建构等层次性特征,以系统群体经验与个体经验的关系互动为基本分析对象,为描述社会系统的群体经验生成及其原因提供一条新的研究进路.     

湟中县发现的明代修筑长城题记考释

文章以湟中县新发现的修筑长城题记为线索,对题记涉及的修筑长城的工程管理、修筑长城的基本情况、修筑长城的民族族属等问题进行了初步的考释,为研究我省明代修筑长城的历史提供了重要的依据。     

The Experience of Trauma Recovery: A Qualitative Study of Participants in the Women Recovering from Abuse Program (WRAP)

ABSTRACT

The efficacy of intensive group treatment programs for child maltreatment has been established. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand how women with a history of child maltreatment experienced the Women Recovering from Abuse Program (WRAP), an existing intensive group treatment program. Seven women were interviewed following their participation in WRAP. Three themes emerged: Breaking Trauma-Based Patterns, Doing Therapy, and The Healing Journey as a Continuous Process. These findings deepen our understanding about how participants view the recovery process. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.     

Increasing the sample size at interim for a two‐sample experiment without Type I error inflation

For the case of a one‐sample experiment with known variance σ²=1, it has been shown that at interim analysis the sample size (SS) may be increased by any arbitrary amount provided: (1) The conditional power (CP) at interim is ?50% and (2) there can be no decision to decrease the SS (stop the trial early). In this paper we verify this result for the case of a two‐sample experiment with proportional SS in the treatment groups and an arbitrary common variance. Numerous authors have presented the formula for the CP at interim for a two‐sample test with equal SS in the treatment groups and an arbitrary common variance, for both the one‐ and two‐sided hypothesis tests. In this paper we derive the corresponding formula for the case of unequal, but proportional SS in the treatment groups for both one‐sided superiority and two‐sided hypothesis tests. Finally, we present an SAS macro for doing this calculation and provide a worked out hypothetical example. In discussion we note that this type of trial design trades the ability to stop early (for lack of efficacy) for the elimination of the Type I error penalty. The loss of early stopping requires that such a design employs a data monitoring committee, blinding of the sponsor to the interim calculations, and pre‐planning of how much and under what conditions to increase the SS and that this all be formally written into an interim analysis plan before the start of the study. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.