从"全生避害"到长生不死--论道家重生养生思想向道教神仙信仰的演进

道家思想是道教的思想渊源之一。道家哲学一直有“为我”、“贵生”、“全生”的传统 ,注重保养身体、延长生命。这个传统经杨朱、《老子》、《庄子》再到黄老道家发展下来 ,养生的理论和方法越来越丰富、精细。这些理论及方法在秦汉时代特别是东汉时期与神仙方术相结合 ,最终在早期道经中演变为长生成仙的宗教信仰。     

Why Do They Start It? Explaining Reported Early-Teen Sexual Activity

This paper seeks an account of why young teens initiate consensual sexual activity. It does so by constructing statistical models aimed at distinguishing those who report having initiated sexual activity from those who have not in four samples of eighth graders from an Upstate New York county. Theoretical selection of the model variables is guided by insights from problem syndrome, control and differential association theories. From our findings we conclude the following: (1) Risk behaviors foreseen by the problem syndrome approach, including having used marijuana and having been drunk, are significant, powerful predictors of early-teen sexual activity. (2) The social setting of consensual sexual activity differs by sex at the eighth grade level. For example, having a boyfriend is a more consistent, powerful predictor variable for girls than is having a girlfriend for boys and there is evidence to support the hypothesis that boys initiate sexual activity in the context of status-seeking while girls are more likely to do so as a way of attaining approval. (3) Our findings do not give clear primacy to parents or peers as an influence on early-teen consensual sexual activity. Both control theory, usually associated with parental-influence variables, and differential association theory, usually associated with peer-influence variables, receive support. (4) The results of the research spanning a 2-year period of intensive community antiteen-pregnancy efforts by a Zero Adolescent Pregnancy (ZAP) campaign are consistent with the conclusion that such a multifaceted approach might help lower early-teen initiation of sexual activity.     

高校学生体育运动常见急性损伤情况的调查

利用调查问卷法,对学生体育运动中常见的急性损伤情况进行调查,对结果进行分析处理后,得出了造成急性损伤的原因,并提出预防急性损伤的措施与手段.旨在为高校学生在体育运动中减少急性损伤的发生,更好的达到体育锻炼效果提供参考.     

中国传统文化中的危机管理思想

中国传统文化中蕴含着丰富的危机管理思想,其整体更为重视危机预防。在危机预防方面,儒家从忧患意识出发,强调道德及社会责任;法家强调制度化、创新与识危除奸;道家强调领导者"有为乱之首"及处于成熟阶段的组织的危机预防;兵家强调对信息的系统搜集。在危机处理方面,儒家强调"不仁则失";法家注重运用激励约束机制;道家注意到在危机中的机会;兵家强调信息管理及对危机的快速响应,在条件允许的情况下主动制造危机,创造机会。     

Decisions,Science, and Values: Crafting Regulatory Alternatives Analysis

Emerging “prevention‐based” approaches to chemical regulation seek to minimize the use of toxic chemicals by mandating or directly incentivizing the adoption of viable safer alternative chemicals or processes. California and Maine are beginning to implement such programs, requiring manufacturers of consumer products containing certain chemicals of concern to identify and evaluate potential safer alternatives. In the European Union, the REACH program imposes similar obligations on manufacturers of certain substances of very high concern. Effective prevention‐based regulation requires regulatory alternatives analysis (RAA), a methodology for comparing and evaluating the regulated chemical or process and its alternatives across a range of relevant criteria. RAA has both public and private dimensions. To a significant degree, alternatives analysis is an aspect of product design; that is, the process by which private industry designs the goods it sells. Accordingly, an RAA method should reflect the attributes of well‐crafted product design tools used by businesses. But RAA adds health and environmental objectives to the mix of concerns taken into account by the product designer. Moreover, as part of a prevention‐based regulatory regime, it implicates important public values such as legitimacy, equity, public engagement, and accountability. Thus, an RAA should reflect both private standards and public values, and be evaluated against them. This article adopts that perspective, identifying an integrated set of design principles for RAA, and illustrating the application of those principles.     

概述我国古代先贤对职业病的认识及其防治

以我国古代典籍所载的史料为依据 ,汇集了先贤们对职业病的认识及其相应采取的行之有效的防治之法 ,说明在职业病领域 ,我国传统医学亦取得了一定的历史性成果。这必将为我们今天发掘职业病防治的精粹 ,开拓中医药防治职业病的新局面提供有益的启迪     

15%保丰1号种衣剂拌种防治小麦白粉病田间药效试验

进行了 1 5 %保丰 1号种衣剂不同使用剂量与多菌灵、三唑酮及空白对照对小麦白粉病的田间药效试验。结果表明 :1 5 %保丰 1号种衣剂能有效防治小麦白粉病 ,其防效优于三唑酮和多菌灵 ,以 1 5 %保丰 1号种衣剂 40 0g有效成分拌 1 0 0kg小麦种子对白粉病的防效最佳     

"故意伤害罪致人重伤"情节量刑均衡的比较论证

罪刑应当均衡,但是实然与应然的状态总是存在着一定的差距。仅看"故意伤害罪致人重伤"情节的量刑,轻重没有明显的不妥,但当与其他同等量刑档次犯罪及其情节相比较时,便会发现存在着罪刑不均衡之嫌。是本罪的该情节量刑轻了,还是他罪的量刑重了,亦或其他?这是罪刑均衡理论中需要解决的一个具体细节问题。     

Effects of a multimodal activation program (SimA-P) in residents of nursing homes

Is it possible to maintain or even enhance functional and cognitive independence in residents of nursing homes? Little is known about the potentials and limits of therapeutic methods designed to maintain independence in elderly people already in need of residential nursing care. The aim of the “Rehabilitation in Nursing Homes” research project was to determine the practicability and effectiveness of a rehabilitative approach targeting residents of nursing homes. The main objectives of the activation program were to maintain and enhance residents’ cognitive and functional autonomy. Data on psychological, functional, and medical variables were obtained from a sample of 294 nursing home residents (age range?=?70–99 years) at three points of measurement over a 12-month period. The intervention approach draws on the theoretical and practical findings of the SimA Study (“Bedingungen der Erhaltung und Förderung von Selbstständigkeit im höheren Lebensalter,” “conditions on maintaining and supporting independent living in old age”; Oswald et al., Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:61–84, 2002, Z. Gerontopsychol. Psychiatr., 15:13–31, 2002) and incorporates the results of recent therapeutic and rehabilitative studies in the fields of geriatrics and gerontopsychiatry. The intervention involves a combined program of cognitive and physical activation. An alternative program based on biographical information was designed specifically for residents with dementia. Results show that the intervention had significant effects on cognitive and functional parameters. Moreover, transfer effects were observed with respect to activities of daily living and frequency of falls.     

Issue management and crisis management: An integrated,non-linear,relational construct

Despite extensive attempts to define and differentiate issue management and crisis management, the definitional approach – and linear life-cycle models which focus on the elements – fail to capture the full dynamics of the disciplines. Instead of a focus on definitions, this paper proposes a non-linear, relational construct which considers issue and crisis management in the context of interdependent activities and clusters of activity which must be managed at different stages. This includes the role of issue management in both the pre-crisis and post-crisis phases. The model addresses some of the limitations of linear approaches and helps analyze the outcomes and overlaps between activity clusters in order to optimize strategic relationships and enhance bottom-line effectiveness.