德国法律中关于离婚后的扶养制度及其借鉴意义

在德国,离婚后的扶养作为婚姻关系解除的余后效力,法律对其作了极其全面和详尽的规定,这不仅有利于防止离婚自由权的滥用,而且也有利于保护需要扶养方的利益。值此我国《民法典》制定之际,德国有关这一制度的规定对完善我国离婚时的经济帮助制度有一定的借鉴意义。     

The experience of older people of entering into the phase of asking for public home help – a qualitative study

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore older persons' (n = 28, 75–96 years of age) experience of becoming in need of public home help, their experience of participation and of having influence on the needs assessment procedure and the decisions made about public home help. A content analysis revealed a broad overarching category, labelled: experiencing discontinuity in life as a whole – the countdown has begun . In addition, four principal categories emerged from the data: comparing the past with the present and losing parts of oneself and connectedness; worrying about the losses and what they will bring about; struggling against losing abilities to avoid dependency and home help; and struggling with conflicting feelings about being/becoming in need of help, and from whom. That older people can so perceive their life situation needs to be recognised if they are to be empowered to become involved in and exert influence on the assessment process and its outcome as well as on their life situation as a whole.     

Toward an Optimal Asset Allocation for Charitable Remainder Trusts

Economic theory, relevant research, and a Monte Carlo model are used to develop investment guidelines for charitable remainder unitrusts (CRUTs). Investment for CRUTs should involve a significant share of equities, with as much as 70 percent allocated to equities for long‐term CRUTs. Adjusting allocations as payout beneficiaries get older is unnecessary given the nature of CRUTs, donors, and simulated outcomes. The authors propose that a fixed asset allocation be used instead of one that changes over time and that CRUTs with higher payouts should use a more aggressive asset allocation (more equities).     

English Language Teaching——Teaching Listening

Modern language teaching theory highly emphasizes the effect of"listening"on the learning and the use of language.The teaching of English listening isn’t only a teaching of language,also a training of ability.It isn’t only the main way of acquiring language information,but the base of improving other skills.Many Chinese students regard the listening test as the most difficult part of a whole test.So during the English teaching,it is vital important for teachers to master the skill of designing the listening activities.     

Empathic concern and prosocial behaviors: A test of experimental results using survey data

This study uses survey data to test the correlation between empathic concern and 14 different prosocial behaviors, including informal help to individuals and formal helping through institutions. Statistically significant correlations were found for 10 behaviors, but substantively meaningful correlations were only found for three, all of which were spontaneous, informal helping behaviors, where the individual needing help was directly present. The findings indicate that empathic concern may not be an important motivator for planned helping decisions and decisions to help others who are not immediately present, such as volunteering, charitable giving, and blood donation. The weak correlation between empathic concern and most helping behaviors indicates that individual differences in empathic concern may not play much a role in helping decisions.     

大学生心理互助网络平台的可行性研究

根据新形势下大学生心理健康教育工作的要求,在信息时代的社会大背景下,按照大学生心理发展的规律和特点,以“助人自助,互助成长”为宗旨,以网络为载体,以服务为中心,以参与式为基础,建构大学生心理互助网络平台。着重从大学生心理互助的理论与现实依据、大学生的网络心理需求、网络心理互助的作用及特点等方面探讨建构大学生心理互助网络平台的可行性。     

对毛泽东新民主主义社会论的重新认识

新民主主义社会论是新民主主义理论的重要组成部分。其本质特征是保护和利用一切有利于国计民生的社会生产力和社会组织形式,为向社会主义过渡创造物质基础。由于对资本主义认识的误区,这个理论被放弃,导致新民主主义社会形态的匆匆结束,为以后建设发展社会主义的实践,造成深远的影响。     

Giving and Identity: Why affluent Australians give – or don't – to community causes

The trend to affluence in Australia is noteworthy. There are more Australian millionaires than ever before and the rate at which Australians are joining this group is one of the fastest in the world, with average assets held now worth US$4.1m, nudging the world's average of US$4.8m (Merrill Lynch and Capgemini 2005). This is positive news for the community sector because the Giving Australia household survey indicates that Australia's affluent are more likely give to community causes than those on lower incomes and are more likely to give more (PMCBP 2005). This trend is reflected in analyses of tax deductions claimed for charitable giving (McGregor‐Lowndes and Marsden 2006). This paper presents the findings of qualitative research conducted as part of the Giving Australia project describing why affluent donors give – or don't – to community causes. Findings from eight focus groups and eight in‐depth interviews with affluent individuals suggest that giving by the affluent at lower levels may be linked to a sense of identity and responsibility within social groups, as well as the perceived worthiness of both the cause and recipient organisations. In contrast, major donor behaviour appeared to be linked to passion and personal commitment to social change. A range of barriers were also indicated such as a need for privacy and concerns about the capacity of community organisations. Overall, the study's findings add to the understanding of giving behaviour by the affluent in Australia and confirm US findings that motivations for affluent donors are complex (for example, Boris 1987; Prince and File 1994; Schervish 2005; Johnson 2005).     

Giving and Identity: Why affluent Australians give – or don't – to community causes

The trend to affluence in Australia is noteworthy. There are more Australian millionaires than ever before and the rate at which Australians are joining this group is one of the fastest in the world, with average assets held now worth US$4.1m, nudging the world's average of US$4.8m (Merrill Lynch and Capgemini 2005). This is positive news for the community sector because the Giving Australia household survey indicates that Australia's affluent are more likely give to community causes than those on lower incomes and are more likely to give more (PMCBP 2005). This trend is reflected in analyses of tax deductions claimed for charitable giving (McGregor‐Lowndes and Marsden 2006). This paper presents the findings of qualitative research conducted as part of the Giving Australia project describing why affluent donors give – or don't – to community causes. Findings from eight focus groups and eight in‐depth interviews with affluent individuals suggest that giving by the affluent at lower levels may be linked to a sense of identity and responsibility within social groups, as well as the perceived worthiness of both the cause and recipient organisations. In contrast, major donor behaviour appeared to be linked to passion and personal commitment to social change. A range of barriers were also indicated such as a need for privacy and concerns about the capacity of community organisations. Overall, the study's findings add to the understanding of giving behaviour by the affluent in Australia and confirm US findings that motivations for affluent donors are complex (for example, Boris 1987; Prince and File 1994; Schervish 2005; Johnson 2005).     

Preparedness within the municipal social services in Sweden: planning for the home help service organization for elderly people in war and crisis from two organizational perspectives

A study aiming at presenting the effects of increases in work strain during war and crisis on the home help service organization within the social service sector in Stockholm was carried out in 1991. This has given rise to a discussion about achieving the goals for the organization in war and crisis. Organizations are supposed to encompass qualities that allow them to achieve operative goals even if operative conditions are changed. The principle underlying preparedness planning is the maintenance of peace-time functions in organizations during war and crisis, although such functions may be restricted. Changes influencing preparedness planning within the social service organization include ongoing organizational restructuring in terms of decentralization and increases in private enterprising within the municipal social service sector. Two factors of decisive importance to organizational appropriateness are information generation and information processing. The results from the study show deficiencies within the organization's ability to generate and process information between different organizational levels about demands put on the organization in situations of war and crisis.