Community Radio and the Tōhoku Earthquake

This article illustrates issues that community radio stations in the stricken area of Northern Japan have faced, and discusses the necessity of social collaboration for supporting these radio stations. As of 1 December 2011, the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications had granted permission to operate special emergency‐broadcast FM stations, providing earthquake‐related information, to residents of 27 communities in the Tōhoku and North Kanto regions. Ten such community stations have used existing FM radio frequencies in their community for emergency broadcasting while 15 local governments set up newly established community‐based radio stations by themselves, relying on: conventional community radio stations nationwide; national and international non‐profit organizations; and voluntarily organized civic groups. Despite playing such an important role, community radio stations themselves have struggled to survive, not because of damage caused by the disaster, but as a result of the current social system based upon economic stability. Many of these stations have faced financial problems, such as losing advertising revenue and funding needed for equipment damaged by the disaster. It has become more difficult, particularly for the stations newly set up, to produce a variety of programs when the operation becomes prolonged. As the community radio plays a vital role as a lifeline to provide disaster‐related information to residents, we need to establish a supportive system in society that allows community radio to function as intended.     

Ta/Al合金薄膜TCR的方差分析

在用直流共溅射法制备Ｔａ／Ａｌ合金电阻薄膜的工艺中，研究了主要工艺参数，例如靶基距、气压、溅射电压和热处理时间等对薄膜电阻温度系数（ＴＣＲ）的影响。采用方差分析和正交试验方法获取薄膜的最佳工艺条件和ＴＣＲ值。结果表明只要适当选取和很好控制四种主要工艺参数就可以制出ＴＣＲ性能优良的Ｔａ／Ａｌ合金薄膜，同时证实了方差分析法行之有效。     

对四川汶川地震捐款省区的经济地理分异研究

“5．12”四川汶川特大地震，举世关注。中国人民众志成城，共同抗震救灾。全社会为灾区人民踊跃捐款捐物，奉献了自己的一份爱心。然而由于我国各省市、自治区之间的经济发展、文化交往等之间的差异性，使得我国各省市捐款情况也存在差异。本文通过对全国各省市捐款捐物总额的地域差异分析，从文化同源、经济联系等方面进行了探讨。     

遗址·羌族·博物馆——以汶川地震灾后重建为例的分析

文章以汶川地震的灾后重建为例，重点分析北川地震遗址和博物馆建设运动中所展示的对羌族文化的广泛关注及表述，借此探讨了在特定的社会结构中，人们如何通过物象的收集与陈列．重新凝聚族群认同并再造不同的历史记忆。     

Asset building and livelihood rebuilding in post-disaster Sichuan,China

In May 2008, a severe earthquake struck Sichuan Province, devastating many rural communities. Mudslides followed in 2010, undermining some attempts to rebuild. Despite rapid reconstruction efforts by the Chinese central government, many survivors faced uncertainty and substantial challenges. To support rural survivors' efforts to regain livelihoods and hope, social workers launched several asset-building initiatives in the area. The use of asset building as a strategy to address poverty emerged in the United States in the 1990s and spread to Chinese communities in Taiwan and Hong Kong, but there have been only a few efforts to apply the strategy in rural China. This article discusses the conceptual framework of asset building and details asset-building efforts in disaster-stricken rural communities. The article also documents an evolution in the concept of assets and proposes that the concept should be broadened further to include two additional types of assets: social and cultural.     

震后交通管制下基于用户均衡条件的救灾路径选择

震后如何确定有效的救灾路径是救灾管理部门的一项核心工作。本文综合考虑灾区路网受损以及为避免交通拥挤而实施交通管制情况,进行震后救灾路径选择,以提高救援成效,并尽量减少对非灾民的影响。为此,建立了用户均衡交通量指派条件下以救灾路径旅行时间最短和因交通管制引起的扰民程度最小为目标的多目标救灾路径选择模型,并设计了一种两阶段启发式算例进行求解。最后以Sioux Falls路网为例对模型和算法进行验证,并与NSGA-II算法进行了比较,结果表明:该算法在求解效率上与其他启发式算法相比具有显著的优势。     

地震救灾的健康管理:国际经验及启示

为克服中越冲地震带来的灾民健康恶化、疾病流行等危机，日本采取了医疗救助、心理干预、音乐演出以及高龄老人康复等大量措施，取得了较好的成效。其健康管理经验为中国抗震救灾提供了有益的借鉴，具体表现为：及时提供医疗救护及疾病预防；积极地进行心理危机干预；开展健康需求调查；营造平安、健康的避难环境。     

地震预警信息发布体系与应对策略研究

地震预警系统的应用可以有效减少地震灾害带来的伤亡和损失。地震预警信息发布涉及发布主体、发布对象、发布内容和发布方式等多方面内容。在分析地震预警系统及其应用基础上,构建了地震预警信息发布体系,探讨了发布主体的有效载体,及发布对象根据容忍度和确定性两个维度划分为六种类型,发布方式根据不同发布对象划分为四种类型,发布内容根据地震事件信息和地震应对信息分为划分为三种类型。并在此基础上提出了有效应对地震预警信息发布的建议和措施。     

抗震救灾伟大斗争彰显中国人民伟大力量

中国人民与四川汶川地震自然灾害进行的伟大斗争,向全世界展示了中国共产党的坚强领导能力、中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜的巨大号召力、人民军队的强大战斗力、社会主义中国的厚实综合国力以及中华民族精神的蓬勃生机与活力.     

Historic evolution of public relations in Japan

This study follows the history of public relations in Japan. Meiji restoration in 1867 marked the beginning of modernization of Japan, but as democratization did not accompany modernization, the country was void of autonomous public. The birth of public relations department, though not in the mainland Japan, can be traced back to the 1920s at South Manchurian Railroad in Japan-controlled-Manchuria. After the World War II, the U.S. led Allied Occupation Army urged national and local government to adopt public relations. Shortly afterwards, ad agencies learned from the U.S. the use of public relations, but as marketing gained ground, public relations came to be used as marketing support tool. Criticism of environmental pollution in the 1970s, overseas expansion of businesses in the 1980s, collapse of bubble economy and business crises in the 1990s and onward, each drove public relations in Japan to increase its importance and expand its field.