Entering a New Peer Group in Ethnically and Linguistically Diverse Childcare Classrooms

This short‐term longitudinal study examined changes over time in social competence with peers as a function of child and classroom characteristics. One hundred and seventy ethnically diverse low‐income children, all new to their peer groups, entered childcare classrooms with heterogeneous entry policies and ethnic/racial compositions. We observed them with their teachers and peers at entry and again six months later. Observers rated aggressive, anxious/withdrawn, and prosocial behavior with peers and observed complexity of peer play. Children who lacked peers with a shared ethnic heritage and children who spoke a different language at home than the language most often used in the classrooms appeared to be struggling with peer interaction six months after entry into the peer group. Children who had a peer who shared their ethnic heritage and entered the most ethnically diverse classrooms increased their complex peer play more than other children.     

出走与反抗:叛逆女性之路--娜拉与娜嘉形象之比较

对挪威戏剧家易卜生笔下的娜拉与俄国小说家契诃夫笔下的娜嘉这两个文学形象进行了分析比较。娜拉和娜嘉同是为了跟不幸的命运抗争,做出了离家出走的抉择,她们的出走表现了觉醒女性的反叛和坚强,但也有着不同的意义,娜拉的出走是绝望地逃离,而娜嘉的出走,则充分展示了知识女性的理智与自信,娜嘉比娜拉走得更远更清醒。     

清代桂籍儒官陈继昌政见探析

清代广西临桂横山陈氏家族是当时声名显赫的官宦学术家族。陈宏谋为雍乾时著名大学士和理学名家,其玄孙陈继昌为中国封建社会史上的最后一位“三元及第”的著名士子和清官。文章分析陈继昌的乡试、殿试文章,认为察贤任能、天人和谐、守创结合、君臣尽职、借古鉴今、盛极必衰、无为而治、立教为先是陈继昌的主要政治思想。陈继昌的思想和生平,反映了嘉道年间清代由盛转衰的过程和这位爱国学者对治国安邦的关切,对当今也有一定的借鉴意义。     

农户兼业对秸秆还田技术采纳的影响机制及效应分析——基于冀皖鄂1150份农户调查数据的实证

基于河北、安徽、湖北三省1150份农户的实地调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法构建“反事实”框架,探讨了农户兼业对秸秆还田技术采纳的影响效应,并进一步验证了其中介效应及务工距离的作用机制。研究结果表明：（1）相比纯农户,兼业户更倾向于采纳秸秆还田技术;（2）农户兼业通过风险分担间接影响秸秆还田技术采纳,间接影响占比为24.43%;（3）当纯农户选择在乡内务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率会提高15.0%,选择在县内乡外务工时,兼业对农户秸秆还田技术采纳行为没有显著性影响,但当纯农户选择省内县外务工时,秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了9.2%,选择省外务工时秸秆还田技术采纳率提高了10.0%。因此,为更好促进秸秆还田技术推广,政府部门应该引导和鼓励农户就近务工,保障农村劳动力就业质量,培育和支持农机社会化服务组织并加强对秸秆还田技术的指导和培训。     

农户防范返贫:应该更关注人力资本还是社会资本?

基于部分中国家庭追踪调查微观数据,利用多维返贫测算方法识别返贫农户,实证检验了人力资本和社会资本在农户防范返贫中的效应和机制。研究发现:(1)人力资本和社会资本均是防范农户多维返贫的重要因素,但从返贫效应的视角看,人力资本防范返贫的影响更大,是巩固拓展农村脱贫攻坚成果的关键资本。(2)机制分析中,人力资本能发挥迁移效应,通过劳动力流动的部分中介作用防范农户返贫,而社会资本能发挥信息获取和抵押品效应,通过创业的部分中介作用防范农户返贫。(3)人力资本降低了农户在收入、医疗、生活维度的返贫发生概率,社会资本则降低了收入、医疗维度的返贫发生概率。(4)两类资本的防范返贫效应存在区域差异,人力资本显著降低东部和西部农户返贫发生概率,而社会资本显著降低了东部和中部农户返贫发生概率。     

关于十万上海知识青年进疆和返沪的思考

上海知识青年支援新疆建设 ,是20世纪60年代一件重要的大事。本文从多方面探讨了上海知识青年进疆与返沪的原因 ,并对今后新疆的开发提出了一些建议     

政府监管家装建材市场的系统分析

目前,家装建材市场“鱼目混珠”现象屡见不鲜,对公众生命以及国家财产安全造成了严重的威胁。政府部门监管的缺位是建材业不良竞争泛滥的重要因素,文章从目前家装建材市场的现状着手,分析了政府监管存在的误区,并且从政府职能部门自身、法律法规和市场监管体系建设以及行业协会自律等方面提出了一系列对策建议。     

Long-term care in Spain: Difficulties in professionalizing services

The aim of this article is to analyze the difficulties in professionalizing the long-term care system in Spain. Since 2006, the new Spanish law has recognized care as a subjective right, and regulations are being designed to create a framework for its professionalization. Nowadays, family remains the most important group of providers who care for their elders, and women remain the main informal caregivers. Why do families resist using public long-term care services and professional carers included in the new law? The hypothesis highlights sociocultural factors as an obstacle to professionalization of long-term care services in addition to political and economic factors. The results show qualitative data about expectations, preferences, and discourses that women caregivers have in relation to their responsibility. The empirical material includes 25 interviews with different profiles of caregivers and six focus groups with family caregivers. The article suggests that the Spanish ideal of care is a problem for the professionalization of services because the family remains as the main provider of care—without specific skills, knowledge, and abilities.     

Staff Perceptions of Same-Gender Sexual Contacts in Long-Term Care Facilities

An ongoing fear in the gay and lesbian community is that long-term care (LTC) facilities may not be sensitive to their needs. In the present study, 218 LTC staff members responded to one of three vignettes in which resident sexual contact was observed, with only the gender of the characters changing, to create different gender pairings. Results suggested that staff rated male-male and female-female pairings more negatively than heterosexual intimacy. Knowledge about older adult sexuality made little difference in staff ratings. However, staff attitudes were directly related to ratings of negative reaction and level of acceptability of same-gender sexuality.