旅游产品营销策略的分析与研究--以德国阿尔崴勒市为例

旅游营销是旅游产品实现其最终价值的一个重要环节,有效的营销组合将会为旅游产品顺利进入和占领市场产生积极的推动作用.德国阿尔崴勒市通过旅游营销策略的制定,以及一系列行之有效的内外部促销措施的实施,使其摆脱了困境,在竞争中求得了生存与发展,其经验值得我们学习和借鉴.     

反认他乡是故乡——论曹雪芹的文化反思与终极关怀

从生命本体论、生命认识论和生命价值论三个层次破读《红楼梦》"好了歌"及"解",分析曹雪芹文化反思意识生成的原因,检讨《红楼梦》语境中"他乡"、"故乡"概念的意义隐含,推究出曹雪芹诗性加神性的人生理想及对"人"的终极生命关怀。     

试论费孝通的“乡寰视野”

本文根据费孝通的有关理论、观点提出“乡寰视野”、“劦业乡”两个概念，尝试以此来诠释费孝通关于中国城乡社会发展与世界经济之“休戚与共”的理论和实践活动。文章阐述了费孝通“乡寰视野”观的渊源、演进；从概念结构上解明“乡寰视野”中的“乡”和“寰”，以及“劦业乡”各自的内涵构成；通过对映衬费孝通“乡寰视野”历史意识的理论梳理，以及对费孝通晚年就“乡”“寰”关系问题所作阐述的把握，试图以更具综合性的视域对费孝通的这一重要思想作出较为系统的学理解释。文章最后指出，费孝通倡导“文化自觉”体现出了更为宽广、更为仁至的人文关怀的情愫。“乡寰视野”中的纯真的愿景，是“‘美好社会’的意念”。     

一个耕地抛荒的解决方案:农民工回乡创业

研究目的在于分析利用农民工回乡创业缓解耕地抛荒的可行性。结合需求层次理论、人口流动理论,构建的数学模型分析了耕地抛荒的原因、回乡创业的可行性。研究结果表明,城乡收入差距导致的人口流动是目前耕地抛荒的主要原因;追求自身价值实现的动机是农民工回乡创业的主要原因。最后,给出了具有可操作性的政策建议。     

机构照顾与居家照顾的比较——以残疾人服务为例

随着我国残疾人口日益增多,机构照顾面临容量有限、成本开支居高不下等问题。居家照顾成为解决这些问题的出路之一。文章以两家残疾人服务机构为例,就机构照顾和居家照顾在服务对象、服务提供者、服务提供方式、服务特点及优缺点等方面进行比较分析,指出机构照顾与居家照顾模式各有优缺点,针对不同类型残疾人的不同需求,可以取其优势更好地提供服务。     

农民工返乡创业风险的生成逻辑

农民工返乡创业风险既有个体风险，也有社会风险。基于农民工返乡创业失败典型案例，利用风险感知、风险传递和风险的社会放大等理论，聚焦风险酝酿期、风险发展期与风险爆发期，深入剖析不同类型农民工返乡创业风险的相异阶段生成逻辑脉络。其中，农民工返乡创业个体风险生成大致遵循“个体层面因素驱动-风险感知直接偏差-风险传递扩散-个体发展损害”脉络；农民工返乡创业社会风险生成大致遵循“社会层面因素推动-风险感知间接偏差-风险的社会放大-社会发展损害”脉络。因而，针对不同类型农民工返乡创业风险治理，需强化精准思维和整体性治理导向，应以风险治理共同体为“翘板”,助推农民工返乡创业风险治理协作。     

Influence of Income on Energy Beliefs and Behaviors of Urban Elderly

Although public attention toward residential energy costs has diminished in the past few years, meeting energy costs remains a concern for the elderly population. The impact of income on energy beliefs and behaviors of urban elderly indicate that lower income elderly may be adversely affected by residential energy costs. The results of this study indicate that urban elderly with lower incomes engage in more lifestyle cutbacks and curtailment behaviors than do those with higher incomes. This research emphasizes the need to investigate energy policies that target low income elderly.     

Therapeutic Effects of an Outdoor Activity Program on Nursing Home Residents with Dementia

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this one-year pilot study was to obtain preliminary information on the effects of an outdoor activity program, in comparison to an indoor activity program, on sleep and behavior in nursing home residents with dementia. Structured activity programs have been shown to improve dementia-related behavior problems, and there are some indications that improved behavior is associated with improved sleep. Previous research has shown that sleep disturbance is common in nursing home residents, and that limited exposure to light bright enough to entrain circadian rhythms contributes to their sleep problems. Thus, we expected to see improvements in behavior in both the outdoor and indoor activity groups, but improvements in sleep in the outdoor activity group only.

Methodology: A two-group (outdoor program, indoor program) two phase (baseline, intervention) design was used. Subjects were randomized to the outdoor or indoor program groups. Sleep and behavior disturbance were assessed over a 10-day period at baseline (usual activity conditions, which were expected to include little or no time spent outdoors) and at intervention (daily structured activity program offered outdoors or indoors). Sleep was assessed with wrist actigraphs with photocells, which also allowed for monitoring of light exposure. Behavior disturbance was assessed with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory. Both activity programs were offered Monday-Friday over a 2 week period, included similar content and were offered by research project staff. The analytical approach emphasized primary changes between baseline and intervention measures of sleep and behavioral symptoms in the two activity groups. Because this was a pilot study, the significance level was set a priori at p< 0.10.

Findings: The outdoor activity group experienced significant improvements in maximum sleep duration. Both groups showed significant improvements in total sleep minutes. There also was a significant improvement in verbal agitation in the outdoor activity group.     

The Child and the Home

ABSTRACT

This article considers the relationship between the child and the home in Europe since the Middle Ages. It notes that ideas about both childhood and domesticity have varied over successive periods, and that class and gender as well as age influence individual experience in the home. It therefore moves on from the common assumption that both childhood and the home are modern inventions.     

A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care

Rajhvajn Bulat L. A longitudinal study of depressiveness in children in public care Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 412–423 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. The aim of this article is to analyse the challenges involved when making longitudinal observations of depressiveness in children raised in public care. The first measurement comprised 375 children from children's homes and foster families; however, most of the results are based on an analysis of the 139 children who participated in both parts of the research. We used the Child Depression Inventory and the anxiety/depression subscales of Youth Self Report and Child Behaviour Checklist as measures of depressiveness. The comparison of results from the first and second measurements showed that depressiveness in children in public care decreased over time. Children who grew up in children homes were, in the first measurement, more depressed than those living in foster families, but after five years that difference had disappeared. Furthermore, decrease in depressiveness is predominantly associated with less frequent delinquent, aggressive or hyperactive behaviour, less withdrawal and better control over uncomfortable emotions.