Small-dollar accounts,children's college outcomes,and wilt

This is paper four of four in the Small-Dollar Children's Savings Account series, which studies the relationship between children's small-dollar savings accounts and college enrollment and graduation. This series of papers examines three important research questions using different subsamples: (a) Are children with savings of their own more likely to attend or graduate from college? (b) Does dosage (i.e., having no account, only basic savings, savings designated for school [of less than $1, $1 to $499, or $500 or more]) matte? And (c) is having savings designated for school more predictive than having basic savings alone? In this study we use a sample of children who expect to graduate college prior to leaving high school as a way of looking at wilt. In this study “wilt” occurs when a child who expects to graduate from college while in high school does not graduate college by 2009. Using propensity score weighted data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and its supplements we created multi-treatment dosages of savings accounts and amounts to answer the previous questions. We find that in the aggregate children who expect to graduate college prior to leaving high school (high-expectation children) and who designate savings for school of $500 or more are about two times more likely to graduate college than high-expectation children with no account. High-expectation low- and moderate-income (LMI) children who designate school savings of $1 to $499 and $500 or more are about three times more likely to graduate college than LMI children with no account. Further, high-expectation black children who have school savings of $500 or more are about two and half times more likely to graduate from college than their counterparts with no savings account.     

Small-dollar children's savings accounts and children's college outcomes by income level

This is paper two of four in the small-dollar children's savings account series in this issue that examines the relationship between children's small-dollar savings accounts and college enrollment and graduation. This series of papers uses different subsamples to examine three important research questions: (a) Are children with savings of their own more likely to attend or graduate from college; (b) Does dose (no account, only basic savings, savings designated for school of less than $1, $1 to $499, or $500 or more) matter; and (c) Is designating savings for school more predictive than having basic savings alone. Using propensity score weighted data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and its supplements we created multi-treatment doses of savings accounts and amounts to answer these questions separately for children from low- and moderate-income (below $50,000; n = 512) and high income ($50,000 or above; n = 345) households. We find that low- and moderate-income children may be more likely to enroll in and graduate from college when they have small-dollar savings accounts with money designated for school. A low- and moderate-income child who has school savings of $1 to $499 prior to reaching college age is over three times more likely to enroll in college and four times more likely to graduate from college than a child with no savings account. These findings lead to policy implications that are also discussed.     

The independent effects of socio-demographic and programmatic factors on economic strain among parents in a Child Savings Accounts program

This study examines the independent effects of socio-demographic variables and program social services on the degree of economic strain among lower income parents who had an opportunity to open child savings in a subsidized savings accounts program known as Saving for Education, Entrepreneurship, and Downpayment (SEED). SEED is a policy, practice and research initiative designed to test the efficacy of and inform policy for a national system of asset-building accounts for children and youth. Findings suggest that overall, the degree of economic strain was not significantly different at baseline and at the second wave between parents who opened accounts and those who did not open accounts for their children. However, household income, having a household savings account, and receipt of means-tested welfare programs affected the degrees of economic strain. Implications are directed toward helping lower income families effectively participate in child savings programs.     

What Happens to Defined Contribution Accounts When Labor Markets and Financial Markets Move Together?

The relationship among earnings, savings, and retirement is well known; however, the linkage between labor market outcomes and financial market performance is generally unacknowledged. We examine the implications of the link between labor markets and financial markets for workers who save money in individual retirement accounts. Specifically, differences in labor market outcomes across groups may imply differences in the timing of investments, which may reduce savings over time for these groups compared to their counterparts. Using monthly data from the Current Population Survey (1979–2002), we generate hypothetical investment portfolios using stock and bond indices. We exploit differences across demographic groups in unemployment and wage growth and use these differences to examine each group's investment outcomes. We then disaggregate the total effects into short-term and long-term components. We find some evidence of short-term market timing effects on investment, but we find much larger long-term effects for some groups. Our findings suggest that, for many people, the retirement savings losses associated with the timing of markets are similar to the costs of annuitizing savings upon retirement. The differences are especially pronounced by education and gender.     

社会核算矩阵与国民经济账户、投入产出表的关系研究

社会核算矩阵(SAM)刻画了社会经济主体间通过要素市场、商品市场而发生的交易和收支转移活动。结合国民经济核算理论研究了国民经济账户、投入产出(IO)表与SAM之间的关系,结果表明:SAM是以矩阵形式表示的国民经济核算体系(SNA)账户,SAM以复式记账的核算原则和矩阵的形式提供了国民经济的另外一种核算方式;IO表是编制SAM的重要数据来源。     

资源耗减及其对宏观经济总量调整的思考

本文通过对几大类自然资源在经济活动中的不同耗减方式的描述,分析了各种资源耗减在国民经济核算中所产生的不同影响,以及由此而对宏观经济总量进行调整的可行性和可能存在的问题。     

高校财会核算管理研究

高校财会核算既关系着学校的长远发展,又极大地影响着高等学校师生的基本利益,加强高校财会核算管理意义重大。由此,笔者对应收及暂存款的核算问题、职工福利基金的计提基数问题、固定资产的核算问题,以及高校财会管理存在的其他相关问题进行了探讨,并提出了管理建议。     

现行事业单位会计制度的问题及对策

目前,事业单位所执行的会计制度的主体还是财政部1997年颁布1998年1月1日开始执行的,其后财政部又颁布了高等学校、中小学、医院等事业单位会计制度.有些制度已不够适应形势需要,存在不少问题.文章提出了解决问题的有效途径.     

晚清洋务民用企业的公司性刍论

洋务民用企业在募集资本方面 ,体现了股份均一的特征。多数企业制定了公布账目原则 ,但实施效果不佳。在股息分配方面 ,这些企业为迎合民众投资心态 ,沿用了传统的“官利”做法。个别企业召集过股东会 ,但中小股东对企业没有参与决策和监督权。各企业力求依商务常规经营 ,但又摆脱不了官场陋习的侵蚀。这些企业的特许设立与“官督”特征 ,决定了其法人资格的极不健全。从总体而言 ,洋务民用企业的“仿西国公司之例”是“但学其形似 ,不求夫神似