试论我国上市公司反收购的法律规制

上市公司收购作为实现社会资源优化配置的有效途径之一,受到各国法律和政策的肯定与鼓励。收购市场的活跃引发目标公司反收购的激烈。但是,我国上市公司反收购法律规制方面的立法相对粗略,理论研究也不够系统和深入,因此,本文希望通过论述上市公司反收购法律规制的重大意义,明确上市公司反收购法律规制的重点,从而提出适合于我国上市公司的具体反收购措施。      

The potential of asset‐based development strategies for poverty alleviation in Sub‐Saharan Africa

Ssewamala FM, Sperber, ES, Zimmerman JM, Karimli L. The potential of asset‐based development strategies for poverty alleviation in Sub‐Saharan Africa Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 433–443 © 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. This article explores the potential of a relatively new approach to social development as a poverty alleviation strategy in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA): asset‐based development, an integrated approach to human, social, and economic capital formation. It considers the theoretical framework guiding asset‐based development and the accompanying set of programmatic and policy‐level tools for poverty alleviation in SSA. After considering the recent historical and theoretical contexts of the approach, the authors examine the potential of asset‐based development programs, specifically savings‐led microfinance programs for the poor, to engender development and, more specifically, poverty alleviation in the region. Major challenges and directions for future research are presented.     

Who Has a Bank Account? Exploring Changes Over Time, 1989–2001

The decade of the 1990s was a time of substantial economic and public policy changes. We explore factors affecting bank account ownership, with a special emphasis on the effects that changes over time may have had in bringing low-to-moderate income families into the financial mainstream. Data are from the 1989, 1992, 1995, 1998, and 2001 Surveys of Consumer Finances. Results indicate that holding socioeconomic characteristics as well as households need for an account, abilities to manage the account, access to accounts, and previous experiences constant, account ownership increased over time, with the biggest gains between 1995 and 1998. Increases over time were experienced across the spectrum of income, net worth, education, race, and age characteristics.The analysis and conclusions set forth in this paper represent the work of the authors and do not indicate concurrence of the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Banks, or their staff. We gratefully acknowledge the work of Kevin H. ODonnell for assistance in preliminary work with these data.     

小议危险犯的特征

从我国新刑法中确认的危险犯条款中进行分析 ,得出了危险犯所具备的四个特征 :行为人主观上有危险之意图 ,即恶意危险、行为人必须已着手于危险行为之实行、行为人的危险行为未发生实害结果、危险犯具有法定性。     

交错董事会制度在我国的合法性与功能分析

交错董事会制度作为“驱鲨剂冶的一种,起源于美国,现已成为西方国家公司治理中不可或缺的组成要素,并在其法律中有相应的条款进行规制。当下我国法律并未对交错董事会制度做出明确规制,实践中我国已有部分上市公司在章程中置入限制改选董事比例的条款,即被我国学者所称的交错董事会制度。但域外与本土交错董事会制度之间具有实质差异,本土交错董事会制度实质上限制了股东选举董事的权利,应属无效条款,而域外交错董事会制度符合我国法律的规定。另外,交错董事会制度能否发挥抵御敌意收购的功能并不仅取决于其自身,尚需考虑股东是否有任意罢免董事的权利。     

白衣骑士策略下敌意并购竞价与时机研究

从目标企业往往引入白衣骑士来抵制敌意并购的实践出发,通过引入终止费协议构建白衣骑士策略下的动态竞争敌意并购模型,重点求解了均衡状态下竞价阶段的最优竞价策略,序贯博弈阶段白衣骑士的最优进入决策、目标企业的最优终止费策略和敌意并购方的初始报价策略,以及时机选择阶段敌意并购方的最优敌意并购时机。研究结果表明：(1)终止费同时降低了敌意并购方和白衣骑士的最优竞价,但并不会改变竞价结果,即并购协同系数最大的并购方获得目标企业所有权。(2)存在一个协同系数的临界值,当敌意并购方的协同系数高于该临界值时,敌意并购方进行抢占式报价,目标企业接受该报价;反之,敌意并购方不进行抢占式报价,目标企业与白衣骑士签订终止费协议,白衣骑士与敌意并购方竞争并购目标企业。(3)白衣骑士策略提高了协同系数临界值和抢占式报价,降低敌意并购方期望并购收益,推迟敌意并购时机,并在随机冲击较小时阻止具有正收益的敌意并购的发生。     

敌意收购规制模式的错位及其改造

当前我国在实践中呈现出的“证监会监管,辅之以司法介入”的管制型敌意收购规制模式表现失灵,具体表征为行政机关的监管被动和草率,以及司法机关的应对乏力。究其根源,在于我国敌意收购规制模式出现了结构性错位。法律规制模式可被解构为管制型、自治型和回应型三种类型,其中,回应型规制乃敌意收购法律规制的应然模式。这是因为,敌意收购具有天然的不确定性和复杂性,因而灵活、及时的回应型立改废规则或法官创新性裁判与敌意收购达成契合。是故,我国应当实现敌意收购管制型规制模式向回应型规制模式的转型。在比较法视野下,回应型规制模式呈现出司法型和自律型两种类型,后者又可被划分为完全自律型和不完全自律型两种模式。迈向敌意收购的不完全自律型法律规制模式乃我国最优选择,原因如下：第一,司法体制改革的成本和阻碍较大,转型为真正的司法型规制模式较为艰难;第二,我国缺乏机构投资者,不具备完全自律型规制模式的形成基础;第三,自律型规制模式还存在缺乏强制力的固有弊端。具体而言,我国可借鉴英国和澳大利亚经验,构建一个具有中国特色的敌意收购不完全自律型规制范式。首先,应确立促进社会整体福利的共同利益诉求。在此理念指引下,我国可构建一个...     

Hostile media perceptions and consumption of genetically modified and organic foods: Examining the mediating role of risk-benefit assessments

Drawing upon the hostile media effect, this study examined how perceived media bias in covering genetically modified (GM) food influences individuals’ risk–benefit assessments of it and their food consumption behaviors. The results of a nationally representative survey (N = 1364) showed that individuals seeing media coverage as more biased in favor of GM food perceived it as more hazardous, which was related to a higher proportion of organic food consumption in their diets. In contrast, perceived media coverage as less slanted toward GM food was associated with more benefit perceptions of it, thereby predicting its higher proportion in individuals’ diets. More importantly, the indirect effect of perceived media bias on GM food consumption through benefit perceptions was more pronounced among males than females. The findings of this study not only provide empirical evidence of the perceptual and behavioral outcomes of hostile media perceptions, but also offer valuable insights for journalists and education practitioners to improve public understanding of emerging food technologies.     

预决算民主的法治障碍及其克服

预决算制度是财政制度的基础,也是现代民主政治发展的产物。由于现代经济民主思潮的出现,预决算民主非常必要。我国现实中存在预决算不民主的现象,我们有必要分析其出现的根由,进而相应提出实现预决算民主的措施。