规模养猪户的环境风险感知及其影响因素

通过对湖北省248个规模养猪户的调研,发现养猪户对环境风险感知的程度整体偏低,其中对空气环境风险感知的程度最高,对水体的环境风险感知次之,对食品安全污染的风险感知最低.同时通过因子分析得出养猪户的环境态度、知觉行为控制以及过去行为因素均显著影响其环境风险感知的程度.并通过分析养殖规模的调节效应,得出养殖规模对养猪户主观规范—风险感知、知觉行为控制—风险感知、过去行为—风险感知之间的关系存在显著的正向调节效应.据此提出:应鼓励养猪业适度规模化;加大对养猪行业环境风险的宣传教育,提高养猪户的环保意识;提高对规模养殖户的生态补偿水平.     

居民对我国经济增长质量主观感知的评价

居民的实际感知与经济增长的客观事实相背离,是经济增长质量的主要表现,实证研究发现,人均GDP、消费以及GDP增长率对经济增长质量主观感知的作用呈非线性关系。在控制居民个人特征以及区域特征以后,人均GDP对于经济增长质量感知的促进作用不显著,而消费增长的效应则是显著的。 GDP增长率对于经济增长质量的作用是先提升后下降的倒U型曲线关系。基于实证分析而得出的政策建议是：进一步提升消费对于经济增长的贡献率,将经济增长速度保持在合理区间,注重和加强改善民生尤其是提高居民的实际收入水平。     

倾 听 历 史 之 音--口述史视野下的清水江文书研究

清水江文书研究,既要学习继承敦煌、徽州文书甚至传统历史文献研究方法与思路,更要走出一条具有自己特色的研究路径。口述史的尝试,便是对文书研究的一个有益探索。归户性特征,为文书口述史研究提供良好契机。文书口述史料的收集、整理要注意“点”“面”结合,考证文书或老人口中苗语侗音的自身含义,具有口述史的独特性。老人逝去,语言流逝,使文书口述史记录更具有紧迫性。文书口述史料挖掘、运用,能够弥补传统文献史料不足或局限,扩展文书研究史料途径,对于多角度、新视野探讨清水江流域乃至中国传统农村社会变化发展的多维真实情况,也具有不可替代的研究价值。     

伦理优先的儒家社会秩序设计--从孟子的"窃负而逃"之假说谈起

本文从分析孟子的“窃负而逃”的主张入手 ,阐述了儒家建立在家族血缘关系和家庭人伦秩序之上的社会政治伦理秩序设计 ,指出儒家对这一秩序的维护是 ,对每一个具体的道德主体赋予判断“真礼”与“非礼之礼”、“真义”与“非义之义”的职责和权力 ,判断的依据是能否保证家国一体的伦理秩序设计的稳定。儒家的这一伦理秩序设计导致在中国传统社会中不可能产生规则至上、规则统治的法治主张     

农户的技术创新与农业技术进步

农户的技术创新是农业新技术与农业技术进步的桥梁。农户的技术创新作为一种经济行为,是否采用新技术取决于农户对新技术预期成本和效益的比较。农户技术创新的市场导向决定了农业技术选择倾向于使用替代资本的农业技术,因为这种技术符合我国农业要素禀赋的特点。政府的责任是在多方面鼓励农户的技术创新。     

对建设农村合作经济组织的探讨

在分析建立农村合作经济组织必要性的基础上 ,较系统地分析了目前农村合作经济组织发展中农户、合作组织及政府三方面存在的问题 ,提出了建立农村合作经济组织的对策措施     

Time,Money and the Gender Order: Work Orientations and Working‐Time Preferences in Britain

In the context of economic restructuring and the reorganization of working time, the question of working‐time preferences is emerging as an important component of both academic and policy debates. Much of the debate about preferences is based upon conjuncture or inadequate indicators, often drawing oppositional models of gender differences in preferences which neglect the similarities between the sexes. This article starts by developing a framework for interpreting preference formation and change, with particular emphasis on the societal institutional system and existing national working‐time regime in which individuals' behaviour and preferences are located. This framework is then applied to highlight the particular features of the national working‐time regime and associated ‘gender order’ in Britain, followed by an analysis of gender similarities and differences in work orientations and working‐time preferences in this country. The results show that work orientations and working‐time preferences are related to labour market circumstances for both sexes. Similarity between women and men in the influences of workplace variables coexists with a gender‐differentiated effect of household circumstances on the types of work schedules preferred; childcare and domestic responsibilities figure more largely in women's accounts of their preferences than in men's. For both, however, the most popular reform would be increased time sovereignty in the organization of their work schedules.     

农村计划生育家庭养老保障机制研究

对农村计划生育家庭在资金和发展经济上给予帮助,使其增加收入,进而也增加了养老积蓄;对计划生育夫妇子女的各种优惠,是帮助家庭增加对孩子的抚养成本投入,以期将来转化为更高的养老价值;政府和集体承担的那部分计划生育养老保险金,是直接给计划生育家庭的养老投入;新启动的农村部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度,更是与国家退休养老保障制度性质相似的新机制。必须建立相应的,以政府投入为主渠道的计划生育投入机制,通过公共财政支持,才能保证上述养老保障工作的资金需求与资金供给平衡。     

Population and Upland Crop Production in Nang Rong,Thailand

This paper estimates village-level models of the effects of population variables on the area devoted to upland crop production in Nang Rong district, Thailand. The expansion of upland crops is part of the growth of market agriculture in Nang Rong, and a correlate of deforestation in this setting, The results show that population density (measured as density of village settlement) negatively affects area in upland crops while population growth has a positive effect. Changes in land use associated with population change appear to radiate outward from nuclear village centers. As cash economies are established in rural settings, household formation requires a source of income as well as a subsistence stake. Growth in the population of households is a stronger predictor of the area in upland crops than growth in the number of persons.     

论农业聚集经济

与工业聚集并列,提出了农业聚集经济,此是一村一县的众多农户围绕发挥当地优势而生产一种或一类农产品,形成空间上的规模聚集,规模聚集形成竞争,从而获得生产和流通的比较利益,这是生产力规律和商品经济规律共同作用的结果。通过加大财政支持、促进农村剩余劳动力向非农业转移,改造和完善农村供销社等农民组织,发展农村教育,提高农民素质,发展农业聚集经济,促进城市化。