德国高校学生关键能力的培养及启示

德国的高等教育水平一直位于世界前列,这与其先进的教育理念和完善的教学制度密不可分。近年来,德国高校引入了“关键能力”理念,并将之作为培养学生的重要指标。关键能力涵盖专业能力、方法能力、社会能力和自我能力等多种能力,不仅诠释了教育的本质,还反应了现代社会对人才的需求。目前德国高校已经形成了系统而科学的关键能力培养体系,这一体系包括模块化课程设置、以学生为中心的教学模式等一体化及附加培养方式。     

明清家训的文学价值

自古以来,我国就极为重视家庭教育,家训正是在这种文化背景中流存下来的家庭教育文献。明清两朝是中国传统家训的鼎盛时期,对明清家训的研究,学者多从社会学、伦理学、哲学等方面入手,而对其文学价值的探讨则显得较为薄弱。本文拟就明清家训的文学价值作一整体概述,以期引起学人对此问题的关注。     

论魏源以致用为核心的经世思想

晚清经世实学的兴起,使文化精英获得另一种眼光.他们本着实事求是的原则,以面向现实和着意实效为内在精神,开创了以"致用"为核心的实学思想体系建构.正是立足于以"致用"为核心的基本立场,中国早期现代化的精英毅然走向变革和开放,从而揭开了中国早期现代化运动的帷幕.     

记忆速写--素描造型的翅膀

素描造型能力的培养和训练,是一切美术门类的基础,在当代艺术教育由技能培养转变为素质培养的哪过程中,如何从记忆速写方面提高学生的素描造型水平,本文予以探讨.     

产业智能化与农民工就业质量的影响机理及提升路径

基于当前数字技术快速发展这一现实背景,利用2017-2019年中国家庭金融调查数据,实证检验了产业智能化对农民工就业质量的影响,并从创业、创新和互联网使用三个维度探索就业质量提升路径。研究表明：产业智能化对农民工就业质量具有“替代效应”和“智能化效应”,其中“替代效应”占主导地位,致使产业智能化通过降低农民工的工作稳定性和社会保障水平,阻碍高质量就业;异质性分析发现,第一代和外地农民工、社会资本和技能水平较低的农民工、从事常规性特征工作的农民工、处于东部以及劳动力保护较弱地区的农民工,其就业质量受产业智能化的负向影响更明显。提出促进创业、培养创新意识和提升互联网使用技能可以推进农民工把握新就业形态,从而缓解产业智能化对农民工就业质量的抑制作用、助力高质量就业。     

贸易开放与劳动力技能升级——基于全国流动人口动态监测调查数据的实证检验

通过更高水平的城市贸易开放实现区域劳动力市场升级和技能提升对中国经济高质量发展具有重要的支撑作用。在开放经济框架下,从理论上阐释了贸易开放影响劳动力技能升级的内在机制,并采用2018年全国流动人口动态监测调查微观样本和186个城市的匹配数据,对贸易开放如何影响劳动力技能升级进行了实证检验。研究发现:(1)城市贸易开放能够显著促进地区劳动力技能升级,具体表现为贸易开放每提高1个百分点,城市劳动力市场中高技能劳动力占比增加约0.02个百分点;(2)产业集聚是城市贸易开放促进地区劳动力技能升级的重要渠道;(3)贸易开放对劳动力的技能升级效应具有地区异质性和城市规模异质性,中部地区城市贸易开放对劳动力技能升级的影响最明显,500万及以上人口大城市贸易开放对劳动力技能升级的促进作用最大。因此,结合产业集聚特征、地区差异和城市规模,实施针对性和适宜性的政策措施,推动“优进优出”的高质量贸易开放,对优化地区劳动力市场结构、提升高技能劳动力和人才的比例具有重要意义。     

Behavioral Determinants of Nonprofit Board Performance

There is an increased awareness that the performance of boards (good governance) is not only determined by structural determinants but by behavioral determinants as well. These behavioral determinants might be particularly important for public and nonprofit governance, where the role of the board is more diffuse and heterogeneous than in corporate governance. Here we investigate how social dynamics within boards in secondary education influence their performance. We follow a concise model that includes cognitive conflict, the use of expertise, effort norms, and social cohesion as determinants of board task performance. A survey among all secondary schools in the Netherlands serves as the empirical underpinning for this process‐oriented model of good governance. We show that the behavioral determinants have different effects on the control task and advice task of boards. Also, we find that cognitive conflicts in supervisory boards do not lead to less but rather to more social cohesion within boards. Building on these findings, we suggest a revised model of the behavioral determinants of nonprofit board performance.     

技术创新加剧了企业技能短缺吗?

随着劳动力价格上涨,制造业企业人口红利逐渐消失,以互联网、人工智能提升改造传统产业的同时,推动“技术红利”替代“人口红利”,成为制造业企业优化升级的必然选择。技术创新在促进经济发展的同时是否加剧了技能短缺?考察技术创新对技能短缺的影响作用,结果表明:技术创新对企业技能短缺产生了显著的正效应,研发支出增加了对技能劳动力的需求,并且伴随企业规模扩大、技能劳动力比例上升,技能短缺程度加剧。同时,技术创新对技能短缺在区域和产业上存在显著异质性。在超大城市中,技术创新对技能短缺的拉动作用更为显著。在中小城市,技术进步效应并不显著;而技术创新对制造业技能缺口的影响效应也显著强于服务业,进一步验证了技术创新水平的快速提升使现有技能水平无法与之相匹配,加剧了企业技能结构性短缺。     

Understanding perceptions of substance use education in social work: an analysis of survey responses from MSW program leaders

ABSTRACT

This article details the findings of a series of analyses regarding how the institutional leaders of Master of Social Work Programs (MSW) in the United States form their perceptions on the role and implementation of substance use concepts in social work education. Five statistical tests were performed on data collected from a 2017 substance use education (SUE) survey of MSW program leaders, and the analyses were used to explore how program leaders form their perceptions on: the importance of SUE to social work, the need for regulatory measures for SUE in social work, the SUE needs of individual MSW programs, the implementation of substance use course content, and graduating students’ substance use intervention capacities. Significant findings from the analyses showed that: the amount of foundational course emphasis on clinical SUE within individual programs is a significant predictor of program leader perceptions on students’ clinical substance use intervention capacities; different categories of substance use intervention preparedness have interconnected effects among domains of preparedness; and perceptions on the importance of SUE to social work have a significant impact on program leaders’ opinions regarding regulatory measures for SUE in social work.