Writing in te reo at university

This article considers the use of te reo Māori as a language medium of research and scholarship in the universities of Aotearoa New Zealand, and reports on two small sets of empirical data about doctoral theses written in Māori: one a list of 17 such theses, the other the results of 4 interviews. All the reo Māori doctoral theses I found are written on research topics embedded in te ao Māori (the Māori world). Most focus on a specific language type, topic, or kin group; two are about Māori identity and two are about Kura Kaupapa Māori schooling. Interview results show there are steps that universities can take to support doctoral degrees written in te reo to be examined within their institutional processes, underpinned by a welcoming attitude towards te reo and tikanga. Dispensing with the international examiner, a translator to assist in the oral examination, and an abstract in English are three elements of a process that can be formalised and documented. When those individuals who can supervise and convene the examination of such work are supported by their university, to write a doctoral thesis in te reo is successful for all concerned, though never easy.     

Black monument matters: Place-based commemoration and abolitionist memory work

Discrete monuments remain in the domain of the symbolic, land as mnemonic shifts to a more materialist commemorative praxis. This paper proposes a turn toward land as mnemonic of Black freedom struggle and place-making. Reviewing the scholarship on memoryscapes, I show that the critical insights of Black ecologies and geographies scholarship has moved further than traditional scholarship and offers multiple openings for new monuments and commemorative practices in honor of Black life. Black socio-ecologies scholarship centralizes the place-based epistemologies, spatial histories, and experiences of Black communities and clarifies the form and function of land or plots as mnemonics of the Black freedom struggle, place-making practices, and spatial epistemologies. Black plots are, therefore, ideal for orienting a new mode of Black commemoration. While much of the paper centers monuments to Black people, if Black commemoration is foregrounded in abolitionists thinking and practices, such memorialization must grapple with the histories of Indigenous dispossession and settler-colonialism. The paper concludes with a consideration of what the argument for land as mnemonic of Black freedom struggle and place-making might mean for future avenues of research.     

White Australian identities and Indigenous land rights

Land has been central to debates about the relationship between Indigenous (First Nations) and non-Indigenous Australian identities since colonial violence founded the nation. How do white Australians understand Indigenous land rights? This paper draws on an empirical ethnographic study with rural people who self-identify as ‘white Australian’ to analyze the key discourses of land, identity and nation and the complexities of how whiteness and race is socially produced and lived in rural Australia. The study found that white Australian discourses of nation and identity limit most of the respondents' ability to construct their identity in relation to Indigenous sovereignty.     

‘Official’ discourses of race and racism: inclusion,intent and inversion mediated within journalistic communiqués vis-à-vis the Australian indigenous athlete

In May 2008, I wrote to the editor of a Melbourne newspaper pointing out that an article discussing differences between two superstars of the Australian Football League (AFL), one white (team oriented) and the other black (self oriented), conformed to racial dualism of intellect and instinct. My inquiry regarding the rejection of my letter began a process of correspondence which was instructive for unearthing a philosophy of racism defined by ‘intent’ to be ‘racist’. This article presents a case study of editorial correspondence to argue the inverting of race and racism. Racial difference now marks equality not inequality. The author draws on critical race theory to claim that racial hierarchies embedded within celebratory discourses of inclusion, in response to journalistic defence of objectivity, mark the changing significance of race and racism.     

Effects of intellectual capital and university knowledge in indigenous innovation: evidence from Indian SMEs

Abstract

Intellectual capital and collaboration with universities are vital knowledge management practices for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to innovate and improve the effectiveness of their operations. This study investigates empirically the impacts of intellectual capital and university knowledge on indigenous innovation and how business and institutional environments affect the relationships. The research model is tested using moderated regression analysis and data collected from 150 SMEs in India. The results show that intellectual capital and university knowledge improve indigenous innovation, both individually and interactively. The effect of intellectual capital in indigenous innovation is amplified by dysfunctional competition whereas the effect of university knowledge in indigenous innovation is attenuated by environmental uncertainty. In addition, we find that indigenous innovation is positively associated with business performance. The impact of indigenous innovation on business performance is enhanced by dysfunctional competition but reduced by environmental uncertainty.     

Sweet death: indigenous labour exploitation in the San Martín de Tabacal Sugar Mill,Salta, Argentina

During the national consolidation process in Argentina, throughout the nineteenth century, a new map of local power was designed based on appropriated territories and the consolidation of ‘internal frontiers’ denominated ‘desert’ by hegemonic discourses. The indigenous presence was denied discursively, yet military crusades of extermination, and a very massive process of labour incorporation of these groups was forced in order to develop the incipient agribusiness activity in certain areas of the country. This article explores life conditions and resistance strategies developed by the indigenous kolla communities, victims of the exploitation performed by the owners of the San Martín de Tabacal Sugar Mill, located in Salta, northwestern Argentina, throughout the twentieth century.     

Does Wealth Enhance Life Satisfaction for People Who are Materially Deprived? Exploring the Association among the Orang asli of Peninsular Malaysia

Recent studies investigating need theory and the extent to which money can buy happiness have called for more research within culturally homogeneous samples from developing countries to explore this relationship. We examine wealth as a measure of possessions and savings and relate this to subjective well-being (SWB) among poor indigenous farmers in Peninsular Malaysia. With hierarchical multiple regression, we find that the association between wealth and life satisfaction, after controlling for demographic variables, is positive and significant, β = 0.24, p<0.001. This effect is similar to effect sizes reported for other poor samples around the globe and is larger than what has been normally found in Western samples. Our analysis of the Malay translation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) reveals rather low internal reliability and prompts us to explore the potential wealth-SWB relationship in the absence of measurement error. We find a larger effect size when measurement error is removed, r = 0.43. We discuss the use of latent variable analysis to better interpret wealth-SWB effect sizes and recommend its use for future studies that use SWLS translations. Finally, we find that age, education, family size, and recent illness, while weak zero-order correlates of SWB, become significant predictors of life satisfaction when included with wealth in the multiple regression model. Some explanations and implications of these findings are conjectured. Our study contributes a unique sample to the expanding literature in support of need theory, and may be one of the first to examine the relationship between wealth and life satisfaction among a country’s aboriginal people.     

中国本土管理研究的几个关键问题——对黄光国、罗家德的访谈

本土学术应立足于东西文明的结合。用西方的分析性思维方式去解读中国文化传统会在社会科学的不同领域产生涵盖文化的理论,它不仅对中国有很大的影响,对西方的社会科学理论也是一种挑战。就本土社会研究而言,西方最优秀的学者建构的社会网络的、结构性的、关系主义的思维方式,给予中国本土研究非常有价值的启发。中国本身的崛起与西方理论的发展,会使得我们今天称之为本土管理的研究,明天成为世界的管理理论。     

美国“南方文艺复兴”时期作品中的骑士精神探奥

作为一种地域文学,美国“南方文艺复兴”时期的作品素以其鲜明浓郁的本土特色著称于世。然而,深入考查发现,其本土特质中却蕴蓄着丰厚的欧洲文化元素,尤以欧洲骑士精神最有代表性。聚焦“南方文艺复兴”时期作品所体现的欧洲骑士精神,探析其对欧洲骑士精神的吸纳与融汇,揭示骑士精神对该文学道德体系的筑基作用,为从异域因素探究本土文学特色的发生与成型提供一个新的研究范例。     

浅析南锥体国家土著居民结构与历史演进

位于南美洲南部的南锥体国家是整个拉美地区民族构成特点鲜明的国家,南锥体三国都是以白人为主,土著居民只占很小的一部分,是拉美为数不多的“欧罗巴风貌”地区.这些土著居民主要是印第安人,在西班牙人入侵以前,印第安人在此地生活着比较大的阿劳干人族群和其他五个族群：普埃尔切人、昌族人、乔诺人、阿拉卡卢夫人、雅甘人.他们主要生活在巴塔哥尼亚南端和边沿地区,阿劳干人仍然保留着很多的文化传统,目前仍有较大影响的是阿劳干人中的马普切人,其他的几个族群的文明很多并没有保留下来.这些族群的境遇不同,但他们却创造了不同的文明.