Meanings of Aboriginal gambling across New South Wales,Australia

A social perspective of gambling explains gambling as a consequence of the social, structural and cultural environment in which gamblers live. In the Australian Indigenous context the social perspective is important, given the significance of community and family ties. This paper aims to explore meanings of Aboriginal gambling across New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Taking an interpretivist stance, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 knowledgeable Indigenous Australians, key elected and nominated state representatives. Meanings of Aboriginal gambling included the collective activity of gambling within social networks in the hope of a win. More problematic meanings of gambling were always gambling to win, chasing losses and continual financial distress which appeared to reduce social network bonds. Contrasting problem gambling with recreational gambling revealed that some Indigenous gamblers use their existing cultural and kin relationships on which many of their social networks are based to gamble together in a controlled recreational manner.     

Social work in a conflict context: Challenges facing social workers with indigenous inhabitants of unrecognised villages in Israel

This qualitative study presents the experiences of social workers whose clients are the inhabitants of unrecognised Bedouin Arab villages in Israel. It used in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with 25 participants, recruited by the snowball method. These social workers reported that they are caught between their personal and professional values, on the one hand, and employer regulations, government policy and government law, on the other – which greatly limits their ability to fulfil their professional role. The social workers also comment that they are working in a ‘grey area’ in which the government’s policy is unclear. This adds another layer of complexity to their work and reveals the differential implementation of critical social work principles by social workers with different cultural identities.     

The role of marriage in linguistic contact and variation: Two Hmong dialects in Texas1

The role of marriage in linguistic contact and variation has been under‐represented in sociolinguistic research. In any practice‐based analysis, individual interactions and relationships are crucial. Therefore, marriage relationships – small but intense communities of practice – deserve variationist attention for their role in dialect construction and identity. This investigation of cross‐dialectal marriages explores how dialect practices and choices are negotiated between partners. The results show the importance of viewing this linguistic behavior in terms of community ideology, culture, and individual choice, rather than primarily as a matter of the amount and intensity of contact. Likewise, the study shows how less commonly studied minority communities can bring new insights to the study of dialect acquisition and linguistic contact. Specifically, this investigation focuses on marriages between speakers of two different dialects of Hmong, a Hmong‐Mien language of Southeast Asia. On the basis of home visits to ten Hmong immigrant households in Texas, the study analyzes lexical and phonetic contrasts and ethnographic interviews. Results suggest that macro‐level shifts in Hmong social organization and gender roles are being reflected and constructed by gendered, marriage‐level dialect practices. The linguistic behavior in these marriages is best viewed as a matter of community ideology in tension with individual choice: individual wives are choosing to challenge the traditional Hmong ideology regarding language behavior in cross‐dialect marriages.     

Protective indigenous collective value of Ubuntu and child neglect: Implications for rural child protection practice

Theories on collective efficacy and social support suggest that indigenous values that support collective practices and sanction community obligations to childcare would be protective against child neglect. Likewise, new qualitative findings show that collective values are stronger in rural areas than in urban. This study tested the claims that the value of Ubuntu, which is a symbolic cultural value of ‘being for others’, will be protective against the likelihood of neglect; this relationship will be stronger in rural compared with urban communities in Ghana. Using data obtained from a nationally representative sample of 1100 mothers (from 22 communities) in Ghana, we tested the claims using fixed effects logistic regression. The Ubuntu norms were significantly endorsed in rural communities compared with the urban. The overall model showed that higher levels of Ubuntu are associated with lower odds of child neglect (OR .47, [.29, .76] p < 0.05), and the relationship remained significant only in the rural sample (OR .13, [.06, .31] p < 0.001). Similar evidence was recorded for the Ubuntu norms of community care and compassion. The results suggest that child protection in rural Ghana can be fruitful when interventions are developed to boost the value of Ubuntu and the norms of collective childcare.     

Risk and Protective Factors for Depressive Symptoms Among Indigenous Older Adults: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Social Support

Research on depression and intimate partner violence (IPV) experienced by Indigenous older adults is virtually nonexistent. Given the associations between IPV and depression and their disproportionately high rates among Indigenous peoples in a context of historical oppression, the purpose of this inquiry is to examine how IPV and social support are associated with depressive symptoms for Indigenous older adults. We expand the knowledge base on IPV in later life, which primarily focuses on female samples, by including older men. We predicted: (a) IPV will be positively associated with depressive symptoms and (b) levels of social support will be negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses of data from a sample of Indigenous older adults (N = 233) in the Upper Midwest indicated that physical aggression (but not psychological aggression, sexual coercion, injury, or negotiation) was positively associated with depressive symptoms, whereas social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.     

基于本土的教育理论原创研究

我国的教育理论呼唤原创性的研究,但是原创的产生不能仅仅借助于引进国外的理论与模式,而要将学术研究的兴奋点转移到本土的教育现实上,通过关注本源文化、直面本土对象、聚焦本真问题、创造本土话语来探寻教育理论原创的路向.并躬身本国的教育实践,进行实事求是的本土研究,才能在本土生长出真正的教育原创理论,从而构建我国的教育理论体系.     

外来经验与本土资源:中国应急管理体制发展的战略抉择

很多学者认为中国应当借鉴美国等西方国家的经验,建立统一的综合性应急管理机构,以此来管理各种突发事件。众多的机构设置、强大的协调机制、发达的信息系统是美国等西方国家应急管理体制的重要特点,中国应在借鉴这些经验的基础上,深挖本土资源,充分发挥应急办、议事协调机构、联席会议的协调功能,建立全国统一的综合性应急管理网络平台,形成网络应急管理平台与现实中协调联动机制的互动互补,推动中国应急管理体制健康发展。     

论国际知识产权保护中的土著传统知识集体权利问题

土著传统知识的权利主体具有集体性,而国际知识产权侧重个体权利的保护,因而集体权利问题构成了国际知识产权保护土著传统知识的主要障碍。但是,无论从相关国际条约还是从国际社会的实践看,国际知识产权制度是开放和创新的体系,能够突破集体权利障碍而有效地保护土著传统知识。     

Mixing methods as a process towards indigenous methodologies

This paper considers the possibility of accurately measuring the numbers of persons homeless in a given location, at particular times. It is maintained that such data are necessary to the efficient apportioning of resources, but hitherto have been unobtainable through 'traditional' methods of counting. In recent years researchers have advocated the use of the method of 'capture-recapture', a technique which utilizes information from duplicate cases to allow the number of people otherwise unobserved to be calculated. This paper describes and critically evaluates the use of this method in two studies in Plymouth and Torbay, UK.     

《中国关键词》中本源概念汉英、汉韩翻译模式对比研究

以《中国关键词》中的本源概念及其英语和韩语翻译为研究对象,建立汉语、英语和韩语三语平行数据库,研究《中国关键词》中本源概念的翻译模式。研究表明,《中国关键词》英译本中本源概念的翻译模式为“直译>意译>合译>省译”,韩译本的翻译模式为“直译>意译>合译”。造成这种翻译模式差异的原因可能是韩语文化同汉语文化较为相近,而英语文化同汉语文化相去甚远。翻译模式上的差异体现了翻译在面向不同文化背景的读者时采用了不同的翻译策略,这有助于中国文化的海外传播,从这个角度来讲,研究结论对未来的政治乃至其它类型的富有中国文化元素的文本翻译提供了有益参考。