管理科学部2008年度基金项目绩效评估分析

2008年国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部对277个资助项目进行了绩效评估.评估结果显示,管理科学部资助项目完成质量持续提高,青年科研工作者在科学基金项目研究中发挥的作用日益明显.另外,在对不同类型项目、不同学科项目和不同依托单位项目的评估结果进行分析的基础上,针对其中的不足,结合管理科学部近年来项目受理与资助中的新变化,提出了改进建议.     

Reforming China＇s funding of compulsory education： changes and their outcomes

在1980和1990年代,中国是世界教育领域分权改革的重要组成部分。主流研究当时都强调“低重心”、多渠道的教育经费体制的内在合理性,强调分权化是难以逆转的趋势。可是从2001年开始,中国调整了农村义务教育管理体制。我们通过实证分析发现,这一改革不再是分权化改革的延续和完善,而是重新确立政府责任的一种尝试。它既导致了教育投入的快速增长,也在相当程度上促进了教育公平,尤其是在小学教育阶段。这为世界教育改革提供了有益经验,也为主流研究的一系列命题和假设提供了反思的机会。     

右江革命根据地的财政经济政策及其现实启迪

邓小平在领导右江革命根据地的财政经济建设实践中,紧紧围绕土地革命的中心任务加强财政经济建设,着重从打土豪分田地、推翻封建剥削制度、让人民当家作主入手,大力开展财政经济建设,注意保护民族资本主义工商业,坚持从实际出发,制定灵活的财经政策和措施,重视采用武装斗争缴获敌人资财作为革命的主要财源,取得良好的成效,为我党在战争年代提供了财经建设的宝贵经验,为毛泽东实事求是思想的形成和发展作出了重要贡献。     

Patronage and secularization: social obligation and church support

As a contribution to our understanding of secularization in Britain, this paper examines the role of religious patronage. It illustrates nineteenth and early twentieth century support for the churches from rural landowners and major industrial employers, considers its benefits, and explains its rapid disappearance. The paper argues that the end of the expectation that high status individuals and major employers would actively promote organized religion is both significant evidence of secularization and a cause of further decline.     

Lessons from The Wire: epistemological reflections on the practice of sociological research

Recent debates and controversies have highlighted several issues surrounding sociological research, which relate to the general conditions under which it is undertaken and how this is changing. There is a pressing need to respond to these issues as a whole, in particular by examining what they tell us about research practices. This article argues that a consideration of themes raised by the American television drama The Wire is useful for facilitating such a response, since it may be read as a discussion of working conditions within neoliberal societies. The following themes are pertinent here: the need to reflect upon the terms by which research is framed by funders, to take adequate time to conduct and complete research, and to encourage critical debate within research. Whilst these relate to influential epistemological discussions by Pierre Bourdieu and Michael Burawoy, this reading of The Wire is particularly helpful for highlighting the practical and inter‐relational situations in which sociological research is carried out but which tend not to receive the systematic attention they deserve.     

基于滞后DEA的我国高校科研经费使用效率评价

研究我国高校科研经费使用效率。基于2002-2006年31所高校的截面数据分析,运用统计方法建立了高校科研经费使用效率评价指标体系,测算了科研产出滞后于投入的时间,建立了滞后DEA效率评价模型,从投入产出角度动态分析了我国31所代表性高校科研经费相对使用效率,并对非有效的高校进行了规模有效性和投影分析计算,得出了我国高校科研经费使用特点和存在的问题。结果表明我国高校科研经费使用效率整体不高,48%的高校存在一定程度的投入不足和产出剩余问题,最后针对存的在问题提出了改进建议。     

Biostatistics Faculty and NIH Awards at U.S. Medical Schools

Statistical principles and methods are critical to the success of biomedical and translational research. However, it is difficult to track and evaluate the monetary value of a biostatistician to a medical school (SoM). Limited published data on this topic are available, especially comparing across SoMs. Using National Institutes of Health (NIH) awards and American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) faculty counts data (2010–2013), together with online information on biostatistics faculty from 119 institutions across the country, we demonstrated that the number of biostatistics faculty was significantly positively associated with the amount of NIH awards, both as a school total and on a per faculty basis, across various sizes of U.S. SoMs. Biostatisticians, as a profession, should be proactive in communicating and advocating the value of their work and their unique contribution to the long-term success of a biomedical research enterprise. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

英美两国高等教育财政拨款体制的比较及经验借鉴

通过对拨款的部门和权限,拨款方法,对公、私立学校的拨款以及今后的改革趋势等几个主要方面的比较分析,揭示了英美两国由于各自国情的不同,所形成的各具特色的高等教育财政拨款体制,以及在一些共同的背景因素下所体现出的共同的改革趋势.其中不乏经验值得中国借鉴.     

养老金统筹账户与个人账户最优组合策略研究

本文使用投资组合理论对养老金统筹账户与个人账户的最优组合策略进行研究。为此,我们首先分析了确定性条件下的账户选择问题,然后,在随机假设下对不同账户的收益进行精算建模,在此基础上构建了养老金账户最优组合模型,最后,对上述模型进行了数值求解。研究表明：（1）统筹账户与个人账户的收益负相关,二者的组合能够形成一个有效的风险对冲机制;（2）混合制的有效边界在现收现付制和累积制的上方,因此,从风险-收益的角度讲,混合制优于单一养老金制度;（3）与最优账户组合相比,现行统筹账户的占比偏高,个人账户占比偏低。本文的政策含义在于,适当的降低现行统筹账户的占比,提高个人账户的占比能够降低养老金账户的风险水平,增加账户的收益。     

英国大学生资助理念的嬗变及启示

在英国长达800多年大学生资助历史过程中,形成了适合本国国情的大学生资助理念。这些理念适应当时的社会实际情况而生,有效地指导了当时的资助实践,并为最终形成具有英国特色的资助政策奠定了思想基础。考察英国大学生资助指导思想的嬗变,对于建立和完善有中国特色的大学生资助理念以及资助政策具有重要的意义。