价值个体主义与道德合理性基础的重构

“价值个体主义”直接威胁着道德的合理性基础, 对当代道德理论和道德实践构成了重大挑战。“价值个体主义”是传统社会向现代社会转变的一个重大后果, 它与现代道德论证基础之间存在着深刻的位移, 使得“个人自由”与“道德共识”之间的矛盾成为现代道德合理性的深层矛盾。以一种辩证的方式扬弃价值个体主义是解决这一矛盾的关键。在这一问题上, 自由主义、保守主义与马克思主义形成了有着重大原则差异的立场, 其中马克思从人的生存方式转换的角度出发, 坚持“实践性”、“辩证性”与“人文性”等基本原则, 为解决这一问题提供了一种独特的视野, 具有重要的启示意义。     

社会性个体的生成：杜威的儿童研究及其社会理论意涵

本文通过集中讨论杜威基于儿童研究而进行的行动力教育,揭示实用主义思想对个体主义的具体理解。在美国镀金时代,孤立个体主义加剧了现代美国人的道德危机和社会分裂。杜威此时进行的儿童研究与教育改革,首要的目标是重新理解现代个体的行动结构和人格形态,以克服孤立个体主义造就的行动难题。利用“刺激—反应”的行动机制,杜威同时结合了自然力量和社会意识,力图在开展行动力教育的过程中塑造一种“社会性个体”。社会性个体一方面保留了源于自然的神圣性,另一方面又不断吸收来自社会的文明传统,以应对现代世界在人心和社会两方面的挑战。本研究有助于我们进一步理解美国社会学的早期思想根基并反思当下的生存处境。     

Individualism and conformity in the 1950s vs. the 1980s

If the 1950s are remembered for conformity, the 1960s for rebellious individualism, and the 1970s for narcissistic individualism, images of the 1980s contain an ambiguous mixture of individualism and conformity, with similarities to the 1950s. But if the 1980s resemble the 1950s in some respects, are portraits of individualism and conformity in the later decade nevertheless different from their earlier incarnations? A comparative analysis of best-selling self-help books in the 1950s and the 1980s reveals the following changes: from “maturity” as a desirable end to an ever-changing self; from determinism about the self to antideterminism and constructionism; from institutional constraints and joys to interpersonal ones. These changes reflect the incorporation of ideas from the counterculture of the late 1960s and early 1970s, and may also stem from perceptions of a simultaneous increase in structural determinism and individual empowerment.     

论杜威的新个人主义平等观

杜威作为美国著名的实用主义者与民主主义者 ,对当代美国资本主义社会的不平等现象进行了长期深入的研究和批判 ,由此提出了自己的新个人主义平等观 ,将全新的时代内容赋予旧有的个人主义之中 ,并且把他的教育平等思想作为实现对美国资本主义改良的有效手段。     

认识生命才能热爱生命——杰克·伦敦和海明威的创作思想的误区

美国作家杰克·伦敦和海明威生平与创作是异常矛盾与复杂的。在他们身上 ,体现的是对奴役的反抗 ,是勇敢冒险的浪漫精神 ,是个人对爱情、信念、坚毅和内心力量的赞美 ,具有鲜明的美国民族文化色彩。但他们的创作偏离了生命的本意 ,反映出美国民族文化的偏执     

永恒的人性之光——论福克纳《八月之光》的人性思想

威廉.福克纳在创作思想上的一个重要特点是对人性和人自身的关注,而这个特点在他的名篇《八月之光》上得到了充分体现。本文通过分析福克纳对人生存权利的肯定、对人自身的寻求以及对个体主义的赞美,来揭示他笔下的人性思想。     

The Role of Intercultural Communication in Cyberterrorism

This article analyzes the role of intercultural communication in cyberterrorism. Cyberspace is a common site of meeting and interaction between cyberterrorists from multiple cultural backgrounds. It is also a place where cyberterrorists have to face law enforcement agents. As a result, intercultural clashes sometimes occur. This justifies the necessity for better understanding intercultural communication in Internet-mediated situations. Although there have been published pieces on hackers' culture, this article breaks new ground partly because no literature review has produced work on the role of intercultural communication in cyberterrorism.     

Negotiating Family

Abstract

This study sought to determine how several child-rearing behaviors within the Chinese parent-adolescent relationship were predictive of youthful self-esteem through either collectivistic or individualistic socialization approaches. Theoretically based relationships were tested with structural equation modeling to examine whether dimensions of parental behavior (i.e., support, reasoning, monitoring, and punitiveness) influenced the self-esteem of Chinese adolescents through the mediating influences of either conformity (i.e., collectivism) or autonomy (i.e., individualism) in reference to parents. The sample for this study consisted of 497 adolescents from Beijing, China, ranging in age from 12-19 years of age. Data were acquired with self-report questionnaires administered in school classrooms. Results provided support for parental behaviors as predictors of self-esteem development through individualistic patterns of socialization. Although collectivistic parent-adolescent patterns did not predict the self-esteem of Chinese adolescents, several results supported a collectivistic conception of socialization through significant relationships involving parental behaviors as predictors of adolescent conformity to parents. Some results of this study highlight the significance of parental support and dimensions of moderate parental control (e.g., reasoning and monitoring) within the Chinese parent-adolescent relationship, while identifying only a minimal role for punitive behavior.     

社群主义与个人主义争论的实质与启示

西方社群主义与个人主义之间的争论表明其在价值观上并没有根本分歧,不同的观点主要体现在方法论上,其实质就是要用社群主义者的研究方法来理解西方个人权利价值观得以确立的历史渊源。与之迥然不同的是中国儒家文化传统,是一种“关系型社群主义文化”,解读这种文化,在方法论上与西方社群主义的主张没有本质不同,但在价值观上出现系统差异。     

自由主义公民身份的问题

强调消极自由最大化和个人权利排他性占有的自由主义公民身份所带来的某些利益或好处是无可否认的,但与此同时也造成了诸多严重的政治和社会问题,如孤立原子主义与激进个人主义、政治市场化与公民消费者化、弱势民主与温和专制主义等等。因此,在公民身份议题回归的背景下,需要对自由主义的理论类型进行认真的分析和清理,并探寻适合当今和未来的公民身份替代模式。