家族企业的对外直接投资与职业化管理

基于制度同构理论,探究家族企业通过对外直接投资嵌入到国内和国外互不兼容、甚至相互冲突的制度逻辑时对其治理结构的影响,提出对外直接投资给家族企业带来制度同构压力,进而影响其职业化管理水平。运用中国沪深上市家族企业2005~2019年的面板数据,研究发现:家族企业对外直接投资的规模和广度越大,高管团队的职业化水平越高;东道国与母国之间的制度距离会增强家族企业对外直接投资对职业化管理的促进作用;企业所在地区的外商投资水平则会削弱家族企业在对外直接投资中提升职业化管理的动力。通过研究组织同时嵌入不同制度逻辑时对治理结构的影响,深化制度同构行为的分析框架,对家族企业的国际化成长和治理转型具有实践意义。     

制度供给视域下的英国南极参与:实践与借鉴

作为传统的南极大国,英国参与南极治理的历史悠久,成果丰硕。自1908年在南极提出领土要求以来,英国通过积极参与各阶段南极治理机制的塑造和完善国内参与南极治理的法律制度体系,不断强化了其制度供给的能力。对南极治理的制度供给已经成为英国实现其在南极国家利益的重要途径。中国应不断培育南极制度供给的多元主体,从国际和国内两个层面加强对南极治理的制度供给,为中国实现南极国家利益提供保障。     

村治能人推进农村集体产权改革：逻辑分析与案例解剖——基于安徽省夏刘寨村的调查

基于精英识别—要素相对价格变动—制度变迁的分析框架和夏刘寨村的个案实践,分析村治能人推进集体产权改革的内在机理与运行机制。结果发现：要素价格的相对变化衍生出农村集体产权改革的内在需求,能人由经济精英到治理精英转变后,形成了现代化治村理念,与集体产权改革目标存在一致性。村治能人可以协调政府、集体以及普通村民三方关系,降低集体产权改革成本。能人从经济精英到村治精英转变的实现,必须健全需求诱导、有效学习、平稳过渡、外部支撑四大机制。在正式规则、非正式规则和实施机制三者具备时,以完善的乡村治理,保证集体产权改革沿着正确方向进行。     

论制度认同建构中意识形态的价值与限度

制度认同的形成,是人们对制度规范的认知性期待与规范性期待实现统一基础之上的实践证成过程。意识形态对于制度认同建构的意义在于：意识形态可以实现对制度信息的定向性控制,左右人们对制度的认知和理解;意识形态通过发挥“占有他人意志”的功能,改变或置换社会大众原有的思想认识和价值观念,形塑人们对制度的规范性期待。意识形态为制度认同奠定着思想基础,但由于制度认同不只是一个理论理性的问题,还是个实践理性的问题,制度认同最终能否形成,还取决于人们对制度的认知性期待和规范性期待在制度实施过程中能否得到证成,这构成了意识形态作用的限度。制度认同的形成不仅需要充分发挥意识形态的功能,而且还需制度本身合正确性与正当性以及加强对制度实施过程的监督管理,以为制度认同的建构提供必要的“经验原则”。     

机构投资者与智力资本信息披露 ——来自中国A股高科技公司的经验证据

机构投资者如何影响被投资企业的智力资本信息披露行为,是公司金融与智力资本领域间交叉研究新议题。以中国2010—2015年间A股高科技公司为样本,利用采集的智力资本信息披露大样本数据,实证检验机构投资者持股与智力资本信息披露水平间的关系以及这一关系在不同的内外部情境中异质性特征。研究发现:机构投资者持股比例与智力资本信息披露水平显著负相关; 不同类型的机构投资者对智力资本信息披露的影响存在异质性,与交易型机构投资者相比,稳定型机构投资者对企业智力资本信息披露的抑制效应更显著; 较之处于较低不确定程度环境中的企业,机构投资者对高度不确定性环境中的企业智力资本信息披露的抑制效应更强。研究还发现,在成长期、成熟期企业中,机构投资者对智力资本信息披露的抑制效应较在衰退期企业中更显著; 与民营企业相比,机构投资者对国有控股企业的智力资本信息披露存在更强的抑制效应; 机构投资者对智力资本信息披露的抑制效应存在于产品市场竞争程度低环境中,但不存在于激烈竞争环境中。因此,相关部门应加快完善信息披露制度,引导、督促机构投资者发挥积极治理的负责任的大股东作用,上市公司也应注重资本市场的信息需求,积极主动地增加智力资本信息供给。     

乡贤治村:主体角色、制度契合与实践机制--基于赣南农村乡贤治村实践的考察

基层组织建设是乡村振兴的关键,不同于中农治村、能人治村、富人治村等,乡贤治村在治理现代化进程中重构了双轨治理的结构和机制,既能够回应国家治理现代化的需求,也能够嵌入乡村社会激活乡村社会内生性活力。通过考察赣南农村的乡贤治村实践,探讨了乡贤治村的制度建设与实践机制。研究发现,村庄熟人社会是乡贤主体角色与乡村治理相适应的内部调适器,以乡贤为首的村庄精英群体结构再生产在村庄治理中动员群众、发动群众,激活乡村社会内部资源。村庄内生需求与乡贤组织建设是乡贤参与基层治理的关键因素,村庄公共事务是新时代乡贤参与基层事务的载体,政府积极引导乡贤组织自我建设保证了乡贤治村的正规性和规范性。乡贤参与基层治理是完善基层组织建设,以人才振兴推动乡村振兴的题中之义。     

制度型开放:中国参与全球经济治理的制度路径

制度型开放是中国融入全球经济,参与全球经济治理及其改革的制度路径。制度型开放是不断深化和升级的过程,在早期制度型开放过程中,我国通过制度学习,主动与国际通行规则对接;随着我国经济实力的上升,我国在具体领域供给一定的国际制度,促进我国参与全球经济治理;我国国际制度供给与原有制度形成国际制度竞争的局面,引发霸权国的制度挤压;为了应对这一局面,我国通过提高制度型开放水平,利用国内市场资源优势,深化与世界经济的联系。由此可见,在未来中美长期制度竞争过程中,全球经济治理制度将呈现复杂化趋势,我国需要实行高水平制度型开放,在强调制度改革和兼容性的同时,在各项具体制度和机制中进行广泛竞争与合作;同时,在构成性原则层面坚持底线,并保持制度互鉴的开放性,提供更加包容普惠、有效治理、公平正义的制度,做好区域制度的持续性供给,提升我国的制度性话语权。     

The persistence of cliques in the post‐communist state. The case of deniability in drug reimbursement policy in Poland

This article explores a key question in political sociology: Can post‐communist policy‐making be described with classical theories of the Western state or do we need a theory of the specificity of the post‐communist state? In so doing, we consider Janine Wedel's clique theory, concerned with informal social actors and processes in post‐communist transition. We conducted a case study of drug reimbursement policy in Poland, using 109 stakeholder interviews, official documents and media coverage. Drawing on ‘sensitizing concepts’ from Wedel's theory, especially the notion of ‘deniability’, we developed an explanation of why Poland's reimbursement policy combined suboptimal outcomes, procedural irregularities with limited accountability of key stakeholders. We argue that deniability was created through four main mechanisms: (1) blurred boundaries between different types of state authority allowing for the dispersion of blame for controversial policy decisions; (2) bridging different sectors by ‘institutional nomads’, who often escaped existing conflicts of interest regulations; (3) institutional nomads’ ‘flexible’ methods of influence premised on managing roles and representations; and (4) coordination of resources and influence by elite cliques monopolizing exclusive policy expertise. Overall, the greatest power over drug reimbursement was often associated with lowest accountability. We suggest, therefore, that the clique theory can be generalized from its home domain of explanation in foreign aid and privatizations to more technologically advanced policies in Poland and other post‐communist countries. This conclusion is not identical, however, with arguing the uniqueness of the post‐communist state. Rather, we show potential for using Wedel's account to analyse policy‐making in Western democracies and indicate scope for its possible integration with the classical theories of the state.     

Extension and the disposal of the world: Double‐crossing systems,culture, self and language

Long indexed by sociological ideas of structure, the notion of extension is yet disparate and poorly disseminated – as evidenced by popular motifs such as ‘the world is at our disposal’ eschewing notions of emplacement and embeddedness and instead championing choice and individualised agency. On the assumption that this lacunae relates in part to paradigm debates over incommensurability, the proposal in this inaugural lecture is to explore double‐crossing as a methodological device by which to draw insights on extension from major ‘gatherings’ of Euro‐American thought, while respecting the orderings, institutional arrangements, situations and networks each approach imposes. In retracing the ‘disposal’ of the world through four theoretical perspectives germane to sociology – namely systems, culture, self and language – the objective is to illustrate the methodology of double crossing. Drawing on both my work on social and cultural theory and my field studies in market leaders, I first show how moving back and forth between the older and newer ground within each perspective helps to elicit what gets unsighted from either view. Secondly, inasmuch as the usual way of ‘making a clearing’ is argued as caught ‘in reaction’ from extant theory (ending up say talking of parts instead of wholes or consumption in place of production), I advance the methodology of double‐crossing by excavating the recessive arrangements and ordering implicit in each perspective and so illuminate the different ways extension is affected by how world is imagined and experienced.