制度型开放:中国参与全球经济治理的制度路径

制度型开放是中国融入全球经济,参与全球经济治理及其改革的制度路径。制度型开放是不断深化和升级的过程,在早期制度型开放过程中,我国通过制度学习,主动与国际通行规则对接;随着我国经济实力的上升,我国在具体领域供给一定的国际制度,促进我国参与全球经济治理;我国国际制度供给与原有制度形成国际制度竞争的局面,引发霸权国的制度挤压;为了应对这一局面,我国通过提高制度型开放水平,利用国内市场资源优势,深化与世界经济的联系。由此可见,在未来中美长期制度竞争过程中,全球经济治理制度将呈现复杂化趋势,我国需要实行高水平制度型开放,在强调制度改革和兼容性的同时,在各项具体制度和机制中进行广泛竞争与合作;同时,在构成性原则层面坚持底线,并保持制度互鉴的开放性,提供更加包容普惠、有效治理、公平正义的制度,做好区域制度的持续性供给,提升我国的制度性话语权。     

The persistence of cliques in the post‐communist state. The case of deniability in drug reimbursement policy in Poland

This article explores a key question in political sociology: Can post‐communist policy‐making be described with classical theories of the Western state or do we need a theory of the specificity of the post‐communist state? In so doing, we consider Janine Wedel's clique theory, concerned with informal social actors and processes in post‐communist transition. We conducted a case study of drug reimbursement policy in Poland, using 109 stakeholder interviews, official documents and media coverage. Drawing on ‘sensitizing concepts’ from Wedel's theory, especially the notion of ‘deniability’, we developed an explanation of why Poland's reimbursement policy combined suboptimal outcomes, procedural irregularities with limited accountability of key stakeholders. We argue that deniability was created through four main mechanisms: (1) blurred boundaries between different types of state authority allowing for the dispersion of blame for controversial policy decisions; (2) bridging different sectors by ‘institutional nomads’, who often escaped existing conflicts of interest regulations; (3) institutional nomads’ ‘flexible’ methods of influence premised on managing roles and representations; and (4) coordination of resources and influence by elite cliques monopolizing exclusive policy expertise. Overall, the greatest power over drug reimbursement was often associated with lowest accountability. We suggest, therefore, that the clique theory can be generalized from its home domain of explanation in foreign aid and privatizations to more technologically advanced policies in Poland and other post‐communist countries. This conclusion is not identical, however, with arguing the uniqueness of the post‐communist state. Rather, we show potential for using Wedel's account to analyse policy‐making in Western democracies and indicate scope for its possible integration with the classical theories of the state.     

制度保障:为高职院校参与社区教育护航——基于广州城市职业学院开展社区教育实践的思考

参与社区教育是高职院校的功能之一。结合广州城市职业学院开展社区教育的实践探索,我们以为,高职院校参与社区教育发展,应具备三个方面的制度保障:一是要进一步完善财政经费制度;二是要进一步完善外部行政管理制度;三是要进一步调整学院内部管理制度。     

论中国税法体系的法治模式构建

税法体系是指由不同形式的税法规范所构成的有机联系的统一体,税法形式及其相互间有机联系的方式是税法体系的基本内容。税收法定主义回答了税收的必要性和正当性,成为税收法治建设的基本原则。面对目前中国税收法律体系存在的制度性缺陷,中国特色社会主义税法体系应成为税收法治模式构建的必然选择。     

团体心理辅导在灾后心理援助中的具体应用

在灾后心理援助中,团体心理辅导是首选的高效援助方法之一.它具有主动性、支持性、稳定性等特征,对稳定受灾群众的情绪,协助其获得新的社会支持、学会新的应对方式,进而促进其心理康复具有积极的意义.灾后团体心理辅导可采取严重应激诱因疏泄治疗(心理晤谈)、分享报告等方式,对灾后复课的学生,则可进行班级座谈,以帮助他们重建心理平衡.     

Managing Societal and Institutional Risk in Child Protection

Public sector services have been reshaped by two interacting factors: the growing dominance of risk management and the growing demands for transparency and accountability. For the caring professions, these have provoked radical reform. Using the child protection service as a case study, this article explores the impact of the changes on a service that deals with conflicting risks and has a poorly articulated knowledge base. Drawing on Rothstein et al. 's distinction between societal and institutional risks, it is argued that difficulties in managing societal risks are creating serious institutional risks. The latter are then being prioritized in the way the system operates. The preoccupation with such risks has been translated into concerted efforts to formalize the work of front line practitioners to make it transparent and auditable. Although done, in part, with the good intention of spreading good practice standards, this formalization has gone beyond the evidenced knowledge base to the extent that it is creating a new picture of "good practice" that omits significant dimensions of work and is distinct from measures of children's safety or welfare. Moreover, the process of formalization acts as an impediment to knowledge development in disciplines where such learning is urgently needed.     

政府利益约束下制度变迁机制分析

在制度变迁过程中, 政府既是公共利益的代表者, 又是独立的利益主体, 具有利益双重性的特点。基于政府在制度供给时会以公共利益最大化为目标, 但会受到政府利益为正的约束这一假定, 来讨论制度变迁的作用机制。结合中国改革进行实证检验, 得出经济含义与政策启示:只有打破旧制度带给政府的利益, 才会进行更有效率的新制度的供给和安排;不同领域内的体制间是相互依存互为约束和前提的, 要尽可能早地同时开始所有领域的变革, 使不同领域的体制协调性发展;推进中国当前的改革, 必须打破政府的自身利益;打破政府的自身利益必须推进行政体制改革。     

The embodied experience of episodic disability among women with multiple sclerosis

This paper explores the embodied experience of three women living with an episodic or fluctuating disability within the context of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. I argue that this shifting embodiment is subjectively, performatively, and interpretively experienced in discrediting ways across social, organizational, and local contexts in women's lives. Drawing on findings from my doctoral thesis, three interpretive themes inform the analysis: not looking disabled, more than meets the eye, and institutional bafflement. Respectively, these themes pertain to a woman's physical appearance, cultural assumptions about disabled embodiment, and the contestation of social, organizational, and local institutional practices shaping women's lives. These themes hold implications for an ‘embodied politics' in rethinking the manner in which episodic disability is experientially, conceptually, and socio-politically recognized as a legitimate tier of the experience of disability.     

转型期我国政治权威与制度权威建设的相关性分析

当前，我国正处于社会转型的特殊历史时期．它深刻地影响着政治权威与制度权威的发展与走向。因此，在政治权威与制度权威建设过程中，从转型中国这个历史大背景下审视和探讨二者之间的关系，显得十分必要。它们之间存在着相反相斥、交替互补、交融互渗等基本关系。恰当处理二者关系，寻求它们之间的契合点，以实现二者的良性互动关系，是推动转型期我国政治发展的有效途径。