Preschoolers' Bistrategic Resource Control,Reconciliation, and Peer Regard

Bistrategic resource control entails using both coercive and prosocial strategies in competition for resources. The present study sought to clarify whether bistrategic involves more than simply using both strategies some of the time. Examining 88 preschoolers' coercion and prosociality over an entire school year, results showed that coercive resource control was used most frequently at the start of the school year, presumably to access resources and establish social dominance. Rates of prosocial resource control increased over the school year, and socially dominant preschoolers showed higher rates compared with peers, presumably to maintain resource control while keeping peers as allies. Socially dominant preschoolers also used reconciliation more often than peers, resulting in higher rates of affiliation between former competitors and more positive peer regard from fall to spring. Findings are discussed in terms of resource control theory and the importance of situating social behaviors within the behavioral and relationship context in which they are embedded.     

侵华日军在华北制造的“无人区”研究

侵华日军为了封锁、扼杀华北地区的抗日根据地,除在长城沿线、晋东北、冀西大规模制造了"无人区"外,还在山东省和晋中、晋西北及河南省等地制造了大大小小若干块"无人区".在制造"无人区"过程中,日军实施极其残暴的"三光作战",不仅使"无人区"人民的生命财产遭受到了空前灾难,而且使当地的社会生产力和经济遭受到了近乎毁灭性的打击和破坏.     

生育行动释析

利用理解社会学的原理和方法并综合已有的研究成果，对生育行动类型进行划分和阐述，并试图在社会学理论和人口学的经验分析之间筑建一道便利的桥梁。     

The Intervening Role of Relational Aggression between Psychological Control and Friendship Quality

This study investigated the associations among psychologically controlling parenting, relational aggression, friendship quality, and loneliness during adolescence. A model was proposed in which relational aggression plays an intervening role in the relations between both parental psychological control and friendship outcomes. In a sample comprised of middle adolescents and their parents, process analyses revealed that psychological control (indexed by parent and adolescent reports) positively predicted adolescents' self-reported relational aggression that, in turn, negatively predicted friendship quality and positively predicted loneliness. The model held for both mothers and fathers and was not moderated by adolescent gender. The discussion focuses on possible mechanisms explaining the relations among psychological control, relational aggression, and friendship outcomes.     

Risk Factors for Clinically Significant Intimate Partner Violence Among Active‐Duty Members

Hypothesized risk factors for men's and women's clinically significant intimate partner violence (CS‐IPV) from four ecological levels (i.e., individual, family, workplace, community) were tested in a representative sample of active‐duty U.S. Air Force members (N = 42,744). When considered together, we expected only individual and family factors to account for unique variance in CS‐IPV perpetration. Hypothesized factors from all four ecological levels were related to men's CS‐IPV perpetration bivariately, but, as expected, only individual and family factors accounted for unique variance across ecological levels. For women, only risk factors from the individual and family levels were significantly related to CS‐IPV perpetration even bivariately. Results imply somewhat different risk profiles across gender and identify ecological risk factors of men's CS‐IPV not previously studied.     

Relational and Overt Aggression in Childhood and Adolescence: Clarifying Mean‐level Gender Differences and Associations with Peer Acceptance

Research on relational aggression has drawn attention to how girls may be likely to aggress, but the role of gender is not fully understood. There are opposing views regarding whether relational aggression is most common among girls. Current findings demonstrate that when gender differences in relational aggression are assessed with peer nominations, gender differences favoring girls are more likely: (1) in adolescence than childhood; and (2) when statistical overlap with overt aggression is controlled. Results also indicated that associations of relational aggression with peer acceptance depend on the aggressor's gender, the peer rater's gender, and whether overlap with overt aggression is controlled. Associations of relational aggression with lower acceptance became non‐significant when overt aggression was controlled, suggesting that relational aggression displayed in isolation may not damage acceptance. In fact, in mid‐adolescence, girls’ relational aggression predicted greater liking by boys. Reducing relational aggression among adolescent girls may be especially challenging if the behavior is linked with acceptance by boys.     

“仪器分析”课程教学改革探索

为了提高教学效果，培养学生的综合运用知识能力，结合课程学时相对较少的实际情况，扩大课堂信息量，解决现用教科书与科技发展脱节的矛盾，锻炼学生独立分析问题和解决问题的能力，要注重对课程内容、教学手段和教学方法进行改革和探索，以达到良好的教学效果。     

Continuity in Children's Relations with Peers

Social competence with peers of 55 (27 girls) children was examined from ages one to nine. In the toddler and preschool periods, social competence with peers was observed and rated by independent observers and rated by teachers. Teachers reported on children's social competence with peers at age nine. Children who engaged in more complex play with peers as toddlers were more prosocial, engaged in complex play, were less withdrawn as preschoolers, and were less aggressive and withdrawn as nine-year-olds. Children who were more aggressive and withdrawn as preschoolers were more aggressive as nine-year-olds.     

论当前西方文化侵略及应对策略

"文化侵略"是与经济、政治侵略相平行的一种侵略方式。文化侵略由来已久.当前的西方文化侵略呈现出侵略目的的公开性、侵略力量的强势性、侵略途径的多样性、侵略手段的隐蔽性、侵略状态的弥散性、侵略影响的根本性等显著特征。面对西方文化侵略,发扬光大优秀民族传统文化;筑起保护民族文化免受侵略的监管防线;处理好积极吸收外来先进文化与保护中华民族传统文化之间的关系以及提高全民族的文化安全意识是必然选择。     

武士道与日本对外侵略扩张方针的确立

武士道是日本特有的文化传统,是在日本庄园领主间争夺土地的激烈斗争中产生的,是日本封建社会居于主体地位的道德规范。明治政权建立后,对封建武士道加以改造、利用,把封建武士道变成了近代日本的军人精神和国民精神,成为维护天皇制和对外侵略的精神武器。