民事诉讼中恶意抗辩行为的法律分析

民事诉讼中恶意抗辩是指在民事诉讼中对明知是真实的证据加以否定的行为。这种行为具有一定的社会危害性,不但违反了诚实信用的原则,而且影响了法律追求的公平、公正和效率。应从行为的主体上、主观上和发生的时间上对此加以界定;然后通过合理分担证明责任,根据现有法律加以制裁等方式来规制这种行为。     

The “wrong skewness” problem in stochastic frontier models: A new approach

Stochastic frontier models are widely used to measure, e.g., technical efficiencies of firms. The classical stochastic frontier model often suffers from the empirical artefact that the residuals of the production function may have a positive skewness, whereas a negative one is expected under the model, which leads to estimated full efficiencies of all firms. We propose a new approach to the problem by generalizing the distribution used for the inefficiency variable. This generalized stochastic frontier model allows the sample data to have the wrong skewness while estimating well-defined and nondegenerate efficiency measures. We discuss the statistical properties of the model, and we discuss a test for the symmetry of the error term (no inefficiency). We provide a simulation study to show that our model delivers estimators of efficiency with smaller bias than those of the classical model even if the population skewness has the correct sign. Finally, we apply the model to data of the U.S. textile industry for 1958–2005 and show that for a number of years our model suggests technical efficiencies well below the frontier while the classical one estimates no inefficiency in those years.     

On quantiles estimation based on different stratified sampling with optimal allocation

This work considers the problem of estimating a quantile function based on different stratified sampling mechanism. First, we develop an estimate for population quantiles based on stratified simple random sampling (SSRS) and extend the discussion for stratified ranked set sampling (SRSS). Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of the proposed estimators are presented. In addition, we derive an analytical expression for the optimal allocation under both sampling schemes. Simulation studies are designed to examine the performance of the proposed estimators under varying distributional assumptions. The efficiency of the proposed estimates is further illustrated by analyzing a real data set from CHNS.     

中国高等教育投入产出效率的综合评价——基于Window-Malmquist指数法

"双一流"建设背景下，基于合作竞争的资源配置模式决定了中国必须提高高等教育投入产出效率。综合运用Window-Malmquist指数法和空间聚类方法测算分析中国31省（市）2004-2015年的高等教育投入产出效率及其演变规律和空间差异，结果显示：（1）总体而言，中国高等教育投入产出效率呈现DEA有效状态，技术进步是其提升的主要贡献因素，但高等教育"区域鸿沟"的存在却导致追赶效应拉低了效率值；（2）从时间演变规律看，中国高等教育投入产出效率相对稳定，但上升趋势并不明显，且存在两极分化或多极分化的可能性；（3）从空间差异情况看，31个省（市）中，江苏高等教育投入产出效率最高，东部沿海地区的高等教育投入产出效率具有"高高"特征，且效率值明显高于其他地区；（4）从空间集聚特征看，在技术进步的作用下不同区域的高等教育投入产出效率存在正向的空间关系，但追赶效应却降低了这种空间联系。     

现行职务犯罪侦查一体化模式的主要问题及其完善

职务犯罪侦查一体化工作模式已经基本建立,在实践中,该模式的运行仍然在侦查权配置、案件线索管理、侦查组织指挥、侦查协作、侦查保障、监督制约机制等方面存在诸多缺陷,要真正实现职务犯罪侦查一体化工作目标,必须进一步理顺检察机关的领导体制、统一侦查机构设置、完善线索管理模式和侦查组织指挥体系、健全侦查协作机制和侦查保障机制以及建立有效的侦查监督制约机制。     

Postponement implementation in integrated production and inventory plan under deterioration effects: a case study of a juice producer with limited storage capacity

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a production and inventory plan for a fresh apple juice producer. During harvest season, the producer extracts premium juice from freshly picked apples and keeps an inventory of these premium apples in his temperature-controlled storage facility. The producer extracts also regular juice from regular apples purchased from third-party storages. To satisfy future demand, the producer carries inventories of juice and apple. The levels of apple inventories are constrained by the producer’s limited storage space, but he can replenish regular apples. To assist the producer in facing demand uncertainty and deterioration of apples, we develop a production and inventory plan that incorporates postponement to mitigate demand uncertainty. As postponement decisions are shaped by the cost structure of inventories, we integrate in one model the postponement decisions and the deterioration mitigation decisions that can alter the inventory costs. We build multi-period stochastic programming with recourse model to determine juice batch sizes and apple inventories that maximize the producer’s expected profit. The optimal solution illustrates the use of time and form postponements. We discuss the interactions between postponement implementation and decisions to mitigate apples deterioration. We compare the production and inventory plans with and without postponement and with and without apple deterioration. We also present sensitivity analyses for the plan under varying inventory cost and storage space.     

The Decline and Fall of Type II Error Rates

For general linear models with normally distributed random errors, the probability of a Type II error decreases exponentially as a function of sample size. This potentially rapid decline reemphasizes the importance of performing power calculations.     

Combining poisson means

The problem of estimating the Poisson mean is considered based on the two samples in the presence of uncertain prior information (not in the form of distribution) that two independent random samples taken from two possibly identical Poisson populations. The parameter of interest is λ₁ from population I. Three estimators, i.e. the unrestricted estimator, restricted estimator and preliminary test estimator are proposed. Their asymptotic mean squared errors are derived and compared; parameter regions have been found for which restricted and preliminary test estimators are always asymptotically more efficient than the classical estimator. The relative dominance picture of the estimators is presented. Maximum and minimum asymptotic efficiencies of the estimators relative to the classical estimator are tabulated. A max-min rule for the size of the preliminary test is also discussed. A Monte Carlo study is presented to compare the performance of the estimator with that of Kale and Bancroft (1967).     

On the History of the Correction for Grouping, 1873–1922

The correction for grouping is a sum of two terms, the first depending on the length of the grouping interval, the second being a periodic function of the position. Thiele (1873) studied the second term, but missed the first. Sheppard (1898) studied the first term, but missed the second. Bruns (1906) derived the first term as the aperiodic term of a Fourier series and the second as the sum of the periodic terms. He found the correction to the coefficients of the Gram–Charlier series and proved that the second term is negligible for a grouped normal distribution with at least eight groups. Independently, Fisher (1922) used the same method to derive the correction to the moments. For the normal distribution with a grouping interval less than the standard deviation Fisher proved that the second term is negligible compared with the first and with the standard error of the first four moments. Moreover, he proved that the estimates of the mean and the standard deviation obtained by the method of moments for a grouped sample with Sheppard's corrections have nearly the same variances as the maximum likelihood estimates, thus providing a new and compelling reason for using Sheppard's corrections.