Taking risks when communicating on the Internet: the role of offline social-psychological factors in young people's vulnerability to online risks

Children and young people encounter a range of risks on the internet relating to communication. Making friends online has attracted particular attention as a risky behaviour, especially when this leads to offline meetings, as has giving out personal information online. This article, based on the 'UK Children Go Online' survey, seeks to explain the online communication of 9-19-year-olds in terms of their offline socio-psychological characteristics (shyness, life satisfaction, risk-taking), family communication patterns and online behaviour/skills. Findings show that older teens engage in more online communication activities than do younger children and so encounter more communication risks. Although girls communicate more on the internet, this seems not to put them more at risk. It was found that children's offline social psychological characteristics, particularly their levels of life satisfaction and risk-taking, influence their online communication, with different online communication activities being predicted by different patterns of off- and online characteristics. There are weak indications that, in families which have a more conversational style of communication, teens may take fewer risks online, including a lower likelihood of meeting online friends offline. Multiple regression analyses show that those children and teens who are less satisfied with their lives and who have become more frequent and skilled internet users are more likely to value the internet as a communicative environment in which they feel more confident than they do offline, particularly in relation to the potential for anonymous communication. Since this in turn leads some into risky activities, the implications for research and policy are discussed.     

谢灵运与慧严、慧观

在晋宋之际,谢灵运是名士、诗人和佛教学者,慧严、慧观则是当时名僧,在“什门八俊”、“什门十哲”之列。史载他们有一定的交往,但语焉不详。本文挖掘相关文献,梳理他们各自佛教活动的线索,标注他们交往的结合点及其情形,认为他们曾相会于庐山,复聚于荆州,共译经于建康,在《华严经》、《大般涅槃经》的汉译润改过程中有过重要的合作。     

元代文学与当代文学

当代文学上承元杂剧余绪,创作了一些颇为优秀的作品,这既可见出当代文学与元代文学的历史联系,又为研究当代文学与古典文学的联系提供了新的观察角度。     

慎终如始 则无败事 ——从《傅京生书法论集》所附英文术语说起

近年来，随着国际交往的增多，文艺界使用英语的组织和人士也越来越多了。但是，或因文化底蕴不厚，或因治学态度欠佳，以致谬误百出，影响不好。该文通过实例，指出当今中国书画界使用英语应有良好心态。出路在于：强学力行。     

新疆跨民族交际中的语码选择问题

新疆的跨民族交际有三个特点,一是语言系属跨度大,有汉藏语系、阿尔泰语系和印欧语系中的多种语言;二是媒介语言主要集中在汉语和维吾尔语;三是在小语种之间所进行的交际,其语码选择情形复杂。语言态度、语言亲属关系、文化背景、语言强弱势和历史地理等因素是形成这样的语码选择情形的主要原因。     

Interethnic dating preferences of Roma and non-Roma secondary school students

Integrated schooling is known to induce interethnic friendship relations; however, it also creates the opportunity of interethnic dating. Interethnic personal relationships or long-term exposure decreases ethnic prejudice, thus it is proposed that willingness to date between ethnic groups may also increase. The question arises, whether in the school context exposure is enough for this mechanism to emerge, or personal contact is necessary. It must also be taken into account that romantic relationships are embedded in status relations within schools. Based on a ‘social exchange’ mechanism, it is assumed that the less popular members of the majority groups are those who are more willing to form interethnic dating relations. To address the above questions empirically, the data of 1213 Hungarian 9th grade students in 43 classes were analysed. Preferences of Roma and non-Roma students were measured by dyadic attribution of physical attractiveness and nominations of willingness to date. Results of multilevel p2 models suggest that mixed groups are not sufficient, but personal contacts are necessary to decrease same-ethnicity preferences in dating. An additional tendency is salient: among majority students, those who are isolated from the friendship networks are the ones who are more willing to date members of the minority group.     

借词暗藏的效用探析——以东乡语中的汉语借词为例

东乡语借入了大量的汉语词。汉语借词不仅丰富了东乡语的词汇系统，同时也给东乡语语音系统和语法系统带来了深远的影响，使东乡语语音和语法向汉语靠拢。挖掘借词藏在暗处的效用比描写它在明处的作用更有价值。     

历史上回族穆斯林在对外交往中的贡献

历史上回族穆斯林的对外交往,谱写了中国古代对外交往史上的辉煌篇章。研究历史上回族穆斯林对外交往方面的成就,对于改革开放的今天具有重要的借鉴意义。     

民族地区城市社区中的各族居民交往

随着民族地区城市化的推进,城市社区中各族居民的交往表现出了多种形态,具有不同的特点;而且民族地区城市社区中的各族居民交往又可以划分为七种类型。形成影响城市社区各族居民交往的多种因素,提出增进社区各族居民交往的五个条件。认为这样才能增进社区各族居民的交往,能够促进社区稳定、推进城市发展,并为创造和谐的城市社区民族关系创造良好的社会氛围。     

Review Articles: Introduction

Florian Coulmas (ed.). The Handbook of Sociolinguistics (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics, 4). Oxford: Blackwell. 1997. x + 532 pp.Cloth (0–631–19339–1) £#187;70.00.