全民社保与社区居家养老模式的发展

在人口老龄化的背景下,社区居家养老模式逐渐成为应对老龄化危机的重要方式。但该模式在资金与服务上面临困境,普惠型的全民社保体系为社区居家养老的发展带来了新的契机。养老保险、社会救助和老年津贴等收入保障制度筑牢了居家老年人经济供养的基础,医疗保险、医疗救助和基层医疗卫生服务等医疗保健制度从经济补偿与服务提供双方面支撑起该模式的发展。但是尚不完善的全民社保制度无法完全解决社区居家养老模式面临的问题与挑战。社区居家养老模式的可持续发展出路在于抓住历史机遇,重构参与主体之责任,充分发挥社区的主体作用,以实现健康老龄化。     

心力衰竭患者生命质量影响因素的分析与对策研究

目的研究慢性充血性心力衰竭患者生命质量的影响因素,提出和改进延长生存期、提高生活质量的措施和建议,为今后做更深层次的调查研究奠定基础。方法采用现况调查方法,应用心衰生命质量、家庭支持和综合自护能力评估量表,对心内科住院治疗的204名慢性心衰患者进行问卷调查,所得有效数据应用 SPSS 10.0软件包进行统计,影响因素的分析用 Pearson's 相关和多因素 Logistic 回归分析。结果 80.9%心衰患者生命质量处于中、低水平。差异有显著性(P<0.05),使生命质量呈下降趋势的因素有:年龄>65岁的住院心衰患者(65.2%),体力劳动者(69.1%),心功能分级的增高和心衰年限长,伴冠心病者(61.8%);尤其心肌梗死或心绞痛者;住院前不合理用药(55.9%)者;ACEI、β-受体阻滞剂使用率不足(分别占50.0%、22.5%);未及时应用非药物治疗方法早期行血流重建者(84.3%);不做运动训练者;由配偶以外的子女等提供帮助者(64.3%);家庭成员的行为和态度处于中、低水平者(90.3%);家庭人均月收入≤600元者(53.9%)和医疗费自费者(27.9%);综合自护能力处于中、低水平者(85.3%),表现为自理能力和遵医行为不良。结论影响心衰患者生命质量的因素很多,有四项对策可提高其生活质量。     

失独家庭生活现状与社会支持系统的构建研究——基于屯溪区57户失独家庭的调查

计划生育政策的推行在控制人口规模,实现人口再生产转型等方面曾发挥过积极功效,然而由于政策本身及社会风险的加大,使得独生子女的家庭结构异常脆弱,随时有可能成为＂失独家庭＂。＂失独家庭＂的生活现状如何？怎样为这一群体提供有效的社会支持？文章在对已有研究的基础上,通过对失独家庭的实地走访,对失独家庭的生活现状与困境进行了分析,提出应从立法与制度层面明确国家责任、建立失独群体的心理救助机制;健全失独家庭的政策补偿机制;探索失独老人的养老途径等多角度切实解决失独老人面临的问题,为其构建一道安全的的社会支持系统。     

欠发达地区农村留守老人社会支持机制建构的思考——基于江西的实证研究

来自江西某县农村留守老人的物质支持、生活照料支持、精神慰藉支持等方面调查研究表明,留守老人的社会支持不足,严重威胁到留守老人的生活。他们的养老支持目前仍然是以家庭为主,但许多留守老人得不到子女的赡养,又无其他社会支持,晚年生活境况凄凉。缓解农村养老压力的当务之急是构建一个由政府、社区、社会服务机构、家庭和个人构成的农村留守老人社会支持体系,以保障农村留守老人的权益。     

谁更会给老年父母人经济支持？

[内容]文章利用2014年《中国老年社会追踪调查(农村部分)》数据,对同一家庭不同子女的具体代际经济支持进行分析。结果发现,农村家庭养老仍然有着广泛的基础,子女代际经济支持比例和数量存在子女性别、子女排行、子女婚姻、子女受教育程度、子女的居住方式、子女的迁移距离和子女的经济状况的显著差异,女儿和儿子在代际经济支持上同时发挥着重要作用。并且,老年父母个体因素、子女具体状况和代际关系都对代际经济支持有显著影响。     

政治关联如何影响社会组织有效性？——组织自主性的中介作用和制度支持的调节作用

社会组织领域的政治关联现象日益显著,但政治关联究竟如何影响社会组织有效性,其隐藏的作用机制又是什么？这是学术界尚未明晰的重要课题。针对254家社会组织的问卷调查发现,社会组织政治关联会正向影响组织有效性,这一关系受到组织自主性的中介作用影响。更进一步的研究显示,制度支持能调节上述中介关系。具体而言,当制度支持水平较高时,这一效应将会增强;当制度支持水平较低时,政治关联通过组织自主性间接影响组织有效性的效应就会减弱。这一发现,一方面增进了我们对社会组织政治关联的理解,另一方面也为提升社会组织有效性的理论和实践提供了重要启示。     

武陵山区农村金融生态环境建设问题研究

武陵山区农村在金融生态经济环境、政策环境、法律环境、信用环境和社会中介环境等方面都存在着不同程度的缺陷,开展金融生态环境建设又面临经济环境难以得到根本改善、政府的主导地位作用难以得到真正发挥、相关部门单位难以形成有效合力等难点问题。因此,搞好武陵山区农村的金融生态环境建设工作,应着重从三个方面入手:一是提升农村经济运行质量,增强农村经济的发展力,实现农村经济的可持续发展;二是贯彻落实科学发展观,强化政府的执行力,充分发挥政府在金融生态环境建设中的主导作用;三是明确部门单位职责,建立相应的责任制度,广泛调动社会力量有针对性地开展金融生态环境建设工作。     

Mobility types,transnational ties and personal networks in four highly skilled immigrant communities in Seville (Spain)

In this study, we explore how different mobility patterns influence the composition and structure of the transnational social support networks and how personal networks allow us to elicit insightful data of mobile individuals. Ninety-five mobile individuals were selected from four distinct communities based in Seville (Spain), namely: Erasmus students, Flamenco artists, musicians from the symphonic orchestra and partners of European Commission researchers. Data were collected through an electronic survey sent by email with multiple name generators and a structured face-to-face interview utilizing a network visualization tool, VennMaker. Two distinct methods, namely qualitative case studies and cluster analysis were used to characterize mobility types. Findings reveal a heterogeneous foreign population, in which different forms of mobility are reflected in the personal networks of mobile individuals. Respondents who were settled in the city were more likely to have networks in which social support was mainly derived by hosts and people in the host location and with whom they communicated predominantly through face-to-face communication. Those who were in the host location for a study exchange, knowing that return to the county of origin is imminent were more likely to have networks linked to the home location. They relied heavily on strong transnational ties in the home country using social media to sustain their relationship. Respondents with an itinerant mobility profile, also had networks dominated by strong transnational ties, however, such ties had a higher degree of geographical spread due to previous international mobility. Participants who had a high number of hosts in the network but low connection between the ties were more likely to be linked to a specific subculture in the host society. The integration in the host location follows a different pattern to other settled individuals, mainly because their connection in the city tends to be community specific.     

Career Adaptability,Self‐Esteem,and Social Support Among Hong Kong University Students

Career adaptability manifests itself through 4 self‐regulated internal resources for coping with occupational challenges and transitions: concern, control, curiosity, and confidence. Few studies have examined career adaptability specifically in the Hong Kong context. The Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale–China Form (CAAS‐China; Hou, Leung, Li, Li, & Xu, 2012 ) was administered, along with measures of self‐esteem and social support, to 522 Hong Kong Chinese undergraduate students. Results indicated that the CAAS‐China is a reliable and valid instrument for use with these students. Data also showed that self‐esteem was strongly associated with career adaptability, and this relationship was partially mediated by perceived social support. Implications for careers counseling in universities and colleges are discussed.     

Coping and Helping to Cope: Perspectives of Children of Palestinian Political Detainees

This qualitative study investigates how children of Palestinian political detainees in Israeli detention cope with their fathers' absences. Researchers conducted 16 semi‐structured interviews with children, mostly aged 15 and older in the West Bank. Three themes are discussed that emerged from the interview data: how children cope with their sadness; the children's perspectives on community support; and older children's support to siblings and parents. Practitioners can support children by providing counselling to mothers and organising interventions, which give children the opportunity to connect. It is important that the agency of the older children is taken into account and built upon.