Adolescent Peer Groups and Social Identity

This study investigated processes by which adolescents form positive evaluations of their peer groups. One‐hundred and fifteen male and female adolescents aged 14–15 years made a series of comparisons between their own peer group (the ingroup) and a group of which they were not a member (the outgroup). In line with the predictions of social identity theory ( Tajfel and Turner, 1979 ), participants behaved consistently in ways which favoured the ingroup: compared to the outgroup, the ingroup was associated to a greater extent with positive characteristics (e.g. being fun, nice, and honest) and to a lesser extent with negative characteristics (e.g. being ignorant, unfriendly, and boring). Their responses were also related to levels of identification with the ingroup: at higher levels of identification participants reported more favourable evaluations of their groups. These findings extend earlier research and show how the benefits derived from group membership in adolescence are in part realised through intergroup processes.     

面向21世纪的中国拉美国际关系研究

中国对拉美国际关系较为系统的研究开始于20世纪80年代。当前,中国拉美国际关系研究存在的主要问题是:理论建设相对滞后;研究问题过于分散;重要问题研究不够突出;翻译介绍国外相关论著不够。     

均匀磁场中二维电子的测不准关系在直角坐标系和极坐标系下的比较研究

本文对极坐标和直角坐标下的测不准关系进行了比较研究，并对一些论著的定性讨论给予了定量证明，使两种表述的物理意义更加清楚．     

When Children Have Two Mothers: Relationships With Nonresident Mothers,Stepmothers, and Fathers

Using data on 294 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health who live with a biological father and have both a resident stepmother and a nonresident biological mother, this study examines the prevalence, antecedents, and consequences of adolescents’ closeness to each of their parents. Findings demonstrate that adolescents vary in their likelihood of having close relationships to resident fathers, resident stepmothers, and nonresident biological mothers, but when they can do so, they appear to benefit. Close relationships with both resident fathers and nonresident mothers are associated with fewer adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. Closeness to resident stepmothers, however, is unrelated to these two outcomes. Results suggest that fathers play a particularly important role in these families.     

Children and Power in Mexican Transnational Families

Today, many families find that they are unable to fulfill the goal of maintaining a household by living together under the same roof. Some members migrate internationally. This article addresses the consequences of a transnational lifestyle for children who are left behind by migrant parents. Using ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with a total of 141 members of Mexican transnational families, I explore how children who are left behind react to parents’ migrations. I focus on how Mexican children manifest the competing pressures they feel surrounding parents’ migrations and consequently shape family migration patterns. The article shows that children may experience power, albeit in different ways at different ages, while simultaneously being disadvantaged as dependents and in terms of their families’ socioeconomic status.     

Preschool Boys with Pervasive Hyperactivity: Early Peer Functioning and Mother–Child Relationship Influences

This study compared the peer functioning of a community sample of preschool boys with pervasive hyperactivity (N=33) and comparison boys (N=34), and examined the extent to which any differences in peer functioning between these groups could be explained by comorbid child conduct problems and parenting factors. The quality of boys’ peer relations was assessed on the basis of teacher and observer ratings of peer‐related behavior at preschool. The quality of parenting and boys’ behavior at home were assessed using the Parental Account of Children's Symptoms Interview, the Parenting Scale, and videotaped mother–son interactions. Boys with hyperactive behavior problems showed higher rates of aggressive, noncompliant, and nonsocial behaviors, and lower rates of prosocial behavior and peer acceptance than boys in the comparison group. These between‐group differences in social functioning remained significant following statistical control for the effects of conduct problems, highlighting the wide range of peer difficulties associated with preschool hyperactivity. Results of further analyses suggest that the quality of early mother–child interactions and the behavioral features of hyperactivity may make unique contributions to the 00development of peer relationship difficulties in preschool children with pervasive hyperactivity.     

论民族关系与民族经济

民族关系是历史环境、条件的产物和积淀,更是现实环境、条件的一种折射。社会主义市场经济条件下的民族经济是民族关系的基础,它决定民族关系的根本性质和基本特征;发展民族经济应努力协调好民族关系;巩固民族关系必须活跃民族经济。     

Lightning strikes twice: Lessons learned from two food poisoning incidents in Japan

This case study examines the unique occurrence of two food contamination crises at Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd., the top company in the Japanese milk product industry. The separate incidents of food poisoning occurred in 1955 and 2000; the latter incident, involving more than 10,000 victims, was the worst case of food poisoning in Japanese history.     

供给侧视角下高校科技人才流动政策研究

目的/意义以人力资源管理视角,从劳动关系角度上对高校科研人员创新创业意愿进行深入研究,不仅会更好地促进高校科技人才积极融入企业市场,也对推动中国产学研合作、提升国家核心竞争力都有重要现实意义。设计/方法通过问卷调查方法收集得到全国各地区不同类型高校的科技人才数据,运用独立样本T检验、单因素分析法、多层次回归法进行统计分析,得到福利待遇、公平保障、发展晋升等对创新创业意愿的影响机制。结论/发现第一,不同性别、职称的高校科研人员的创新创业意愿具有显著差异;第二,福利待遇、公平保障、发展晋升的水平越高,创新创业意愿就越强,其中福利待遇对创新创业意愿影响大于公平保障,而公平保障对创新创业意愿的影响又大于发展晋升;第三,福利待遇、公平保障、发展晋升对创新创业意愿都具有正向的两两交互效应,即三者任一变量的提高,都会增强其他变量对创新创业意愿的影响水平。未来高校管理者与企业管理者应该为高校科研人员提供创新创业的劳动关系保障条件,以提高他们的创新创业意愿。