经济危机对中国的影响及中国的应对

采用多元线性回归、岭回归、Lasso回归、人工神经网络和随机森林对中国科技创新的动力进行了对比分析。研究发现,在中国科技创新过程中,固定物力资本、人力资本、流动物力资本和制度因素都发挥了非常重要的作用。未来一段时期,中国应加强物力积累,强化人力储备,加大科技投入,锐意推动改革,增强中国的科技创新能力,推动中国经济平稳较快增长。

     

阶段性投资最优比例问题的实物期权方法

以研发成功的初创企业为例,针对两阶段投资决策问题,描述了柔性决策所具有的实物 期权思想,根据相应的投资准则得到项目决策的执行概率,再结合项目收益过程的分析,建立 起包括决策柔性价值在内的项目总价值的数学模型. 在此基础上可以分析投资比例对项目价 值的影响,并得到最优值. 文章结合案例进行了数值计算,并对结果做了分析.     

河北高教投融资中的问题与政策建议

“十五”期间河北省高等教育投融资存在诸多问题:财政投入增长远远落后于在校生人数的增长,生均预算内教育事业费中公用经费偏低,投资来源结构不合理,经费使用效率不高,高校基建资金过度依赖贷款。有鉴于此,在“十一五”期间政府要调整政策,保证高校建设和投资规模合理适度,完善高等教育投资主体多元化的投资机制,拓宽经费来源渠道,完善成本分担体系,提高经费使用效益,强化对高校贷款的宏观监控。     

中国招商引资制度下的国际资本直接投资

税收一直是影响国际资本直接投资的重要因素,从新政治经济学的角度观察,运用财政协调模型分析利益不一致性下的税收政策导致国际资本流向不同的国家和地区,中国政府的招商引资制度就是一个典型例证,但税收优惠制度的实施对一国经济的影响也是利弊共存的,会促进地区经济发展的进一步不平衡。     

Generating productive citizens or supporting the weak? Ambivalences and contradictions in working with young welfare recipients

Since 1990, the social investment paradigm has been gaining importance within the social policy of Western industrialised countries. Investments are made in human capital to shape productive citizens capable of satisfying the demands of flexible labour markets. This article adopts an ethnographic perspective to analyse the current transformations of everyday practice within the context of the investment paradigm. Investigating such a practice in selected welfare institutions, it focuses on the work done with young adults, a client segment of interest from a social investment perspective already owing to its age. The article explores the techniques and strategies of professional action and discusses their implications for social work, which is active in this field along with other professional groups. The findings presented here show that the action taken by social workers moves between different rationales and is shaped by various ambivalences and force fields.     

人力资本投资、沉淀成本与制度设计

由于人力资本投资时沉淀成本十分普遍,仅仅依靠市场制度实现经济价值并非最优。在这种情况下,需要采取其他非市场制度,其根本目的在于补偿沉淀成本。否则,因沉淀成本的存在会导致不同的经济后果:第一,因沉淀成本导致人力资本投资不足;第二,因沉淀成本导致人力资本既不增加投资也不减少投资,仅仅处于维持现况;第三,因沉淀成本导致人力资本投资过度,产生路径依赖。因此,需要相应的制度保障投资成本回收,尽量避免出现沉淀成本,不至于影响人力资本再生产过程,这是我们进行人力资本投资最根本的出发点。     

证券投资三大属性理论与投资决策

证券投资是对预期收益的风险投资,具有收益性、风险性和流动性三大基本属性。在证券投资中,预期收益决定着投资资金的投放方向;风险性决定着投资资金的投放数量;流动性则决定着投资资金的留存时间。这三大基本属性,使证券投资成为一种极具吸引力又极具挑战性的经济活动,同时又有力地推动着社会资金不断由低效率向高效率流动。     

Impact of Price Postponement on Capacity and Flexibility Investment Decisions

Investments in dedicated and flexible capacity have traditionally been based on demand forecasts obtained under the assumption of a predetermined product price. However, the impact on revenue of poor capacity and flexibility decisions can be mitigated by appropriately changing prices. While investment decisions need to be made years before demand is realized, pricing decisions can easily be postponed until product launch, when more accurate demand information is available. We study the effect of this price decision delay on the optimal investments on dedicated and flexible capacity. Computational experiments show that considering price postponement at the planning stage leads to a large reduction in capacity investments, especially in the more expensive flexible capacity, and a significant increase in profits. Its impact depends on demand correlation, elasticity and diversion, ratio of fixed to variable capacity costs, and uncertainty remaining at the times the pricing and production decisions are made.     

Supplier Encroachment and Investment Spillovers

It is conventional wisdom that a manufacturer's encroachment into retail space will likely hurt an existing retailer. In contrast to this conventional belief, current research indicates that a retailer may welcome a manufacturer's encroachment despite the new competition in the final market. The encroachment may help the manufacturer have some “skin in the game” at the retail level, which will cause the manufacturer to make a selfish cost‐reducing investment that spills over to the retailer as a lower wholesale price. Such a spillover effect enhances the retailer's profit as long as the encroachment does not result in extreme retail competition by a certain degree of product differentiation, and ultimately generates Pareto gains in the supply chain. The spillover effect is so robust that the retailer's benefit from the encroachment remains even after considering potential mitigating factors such as selling costs, a nonlinear form of cost reduction, decentralized encroachment, additional retail competition, price competition, and a negotiation between the manufacturer and the retailer.     

农民工参加职业技能培训的综合效果评估

运用2008年《教育救助与农村贫困人口的社会流动》专项问卷调查数据,通过统计分析,得出如下研究结论：（1）农民工参加职业技能培训具有较高的收益率,甚至高于学校教育的收益率,但只有中高等级培训才会产生显著的收入效应;（2）培训与否以及不同层次的培训,对农民工城市就业的稳定性均未带来显著影响;（3）参加职业技能培训有助于提高农民工的城市适应。