大学生自主学习策略实施现状的民族差异研究——以少数民族地区Y大学为例

自主学习策略是自主学习的核心内容和重要组成部分,它将改变一个学生的知识、能力、价值观、态度和行为.通过对少数民族地区Y大学515名大学生进行的关于自主学习策略实施现状的调查发现,大学生自主学习策略实施水平均值在中等以上,存在明显的民族差异,且少数民族大学生在自主学习策略实施上的均值都低于汉族大学生.特别是朝鲜族学生,其自主学习能力方面存在的问题,事实上就是学力和人格发展方面的问题.学校应在为其创造科学地探索自我的机会,关心学生的发展,构建家校互联网互动平台等方面,寻求提高学生自主性的方式方法.     

电视相亲节目的同质化与差异性——《非诚勿扰》与《我们约会吧》的比较分析

细数目前国内各类型的电视相亲栏目,大大小小不下20个,各电视台为了保证收视率,都挖空心思大做文章,力争在同质化的现状中突出其特色。以目前最具人气的相亲栏目《非诚勿扰》和《我们约会吧》为研究对象,从栏目包装、模式、主持人和嘉宾四个方面进行了比较,探讨了它们的同与异,进而肯定电视相亲节目同质化中的差异性竞争策略,认为这是电视相亲节目发展的必由之路。     

农村婚姻迁移女性社会适应差异性研究

在社会流动背景下,因婚姻的缔结而产生女性人口迁移现象越来越普遍,但婚姻迁移女性并非是一个同质性的群体,她们之间存在着很大的差异,根据迁移目的和迁移过程,大致可以将其分为传统型、回迁型和双迁型三种类型,三种类型的婚姻迁移女性在一般特征和社会适应方面都存在着一些差异.     

农户耕地经营适度规模的合理确定:一个文献综述

以农户为视角,从研究对象、研究区域、使用方法及研究结论等方面全面综述了中国农户耕地经营适度规模确定问题的文献。已有研究显示,不同类型农户（粮农、茶农和果农）的适度经营规模差异较大;不同区域（主产区与非主产区）适度的规模之差异也较大;适度规模确定在很大程度上受到了所使用方法影响,不同方法计算的适度规模结果差异较大。最后对农地适度规模经营研究进行简要评论,提出未来研究方向。研究农户农地适度规模化经营,对于提高中国农业生产效率、促进农村地区经济发展具有深远的意义。     

Marital Status and Self-Rated Health in Rural Inhabitants in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Poor self-rated health is considered to be a predictor of short survival, and self-rated health is associated with several lifestyle and sociodemographic factors. To determine whether marital status is an independent risk factor for poor self-rated health among inhabitants in rural areas, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of inhabitants in Japan. Complete responses were obtained from 10,268 individuals. Self-ratings of mental health, demographics, and symptoms were used to predict self-rated health. Being male; having disease, questionnaire-based physical complaints, and depressive state; having lower levels of education; and being divorced resulted in higher odds (95% confidence interval) for poor self-rated health, presenting 1.41 (1.18–1.69), 10.8 (8.62–13.7), 1.11 (1.09–1.12), 1.11 (1.08–1.13), 1.22 (1.02–1.46), and 1.53 (1.01–2.31), respectively. In contrast, age, friendship, and other marital status such as single or bereaved showed no significant relationship with poor self-rated health. To improve self-rated health among rural inhabitants, attention should be focused on divorced inhabitants, especially men.     

Gender Differences in Poverty Rates After Marital Dissolution: A Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT

Data from the Canadian Survey of Labor and Income Dynamics were used to examine rates of entering low income for divorced and separated men and women from 1999 to 2004. One in 5 women entered low income in the breakup year as compared with 1 in 13 men. About one quarter of women remained in low income for at least 1 year compared with 9.8% of men. Most divorced and separated women who entered low income did so during the breakup year and remained in low income for 1 year. However, women less than 40 years old were at higher risk of persistent poverty.     

“What Kind of People Do You Think We Are?”: The Scenography of Gypsy Performances of Difference

In Parakalamos (a village in NW Greece) Gypsyness, historically constituted as a “disheveled otherness,” claims a space of encounter with people and actions that are “other,” but also arise from within, ossified, but also ephemeral and fleeting. By exploring the way Gypsies in Parakalamos discussed and experienced processes of identification, I shift the issue of Gypsy otherness away from the well-ordered schema of neatly divided communities usually found within Gypsy ethnography, and I am concerned with the scenography of Gypsy difference: drawing upon a more general discussion on stereotypes, identity, and difference, I explore the situatedness, instability and partial character of Gypsy performances of difference, which nonetheless cannot lie outside the topography of marginality in and through which Parakalamos Gypsies have emerged as particular historical subjects.     

Thinking about difference in student supervision

Abstract

Over the past decade, educators have given greater recognition to the influence of race and culture on practice and policy. Whilst educators are now including specific courses that take account of diversity, scant attention has been paid to how these issues may be addressed in student supervision. This article reports on a qualitative study examining how three experienced supervisors addressed difference in student supervision. Supervisory approaches were compared examining the supervisors' goals, focus, supervisory strategies, theoretical orientation, contribution made to student learning and the limitation of their particular approach. These findings emphasise the complexity of addressing difference in supervision, and suggest that some additional issues to address in supervision.     

当下我国农民“生产性”隐形负担加重探析——基于马克思劳动价值论视角

推动城乡发展一体化,建设社会主义新农村的首要任务是促进农民收入持续较快增长。审视当下我国农民"生产性"隐形负担加重——农产品的生产成本增加、价格波动频繁、流通成本攀高等现象,以马克思劳动价值理论视角深入分析其原因,提出减轻农民"生产性"隐形负担的对策,促进农民劳动收益不断增加,是保障农村民生改善和推进农村经济持续健康发展的关键节点。     

中国区域人口素质变迁与经济增长研究

文章利用人口总数、人口出生率、平均受教育年限、教育基尼系数、卫生经费比、老年人口抚养比、第三产业就业人数比和城镇人口比等8个指标,选取32个省市自治区1997 -2010年数据,采用因子分析法构造人口综合素质指数,并运用道格拉斯生产函数模型分总体和地区进行混合面板数据回归,发现人口素质对经济增长影响显著,且东、中、西部和东北地区人口素质差异明显,对经济增长的贡献率也相差悬殊,表明西部地区正在由劳动密集型发展阶段向资本拉动型阶段转变,中部和东北地区由资本拉动型阶段向人口素质推动型阶段转变,东部地区属于人口素质推动经济不断优化阶段.最后,还针对区域发展差异提出了相应的举措和建议.