Cohabitation and Marriage in a Risky World

Different couples are analyzed in presence of income uncertainty and precautionary saving. Married couples have legal restrictions on their relationship that force them to act cooperatively, while cohabitants with limited commitment act non-cooperatively. This makes risk sharing different for different couples; married couples share risk completely, while cohabitants share risk to a lesser extent due to their lack of commitment and cooperation. This makes precautionary savings greater for cohabitants than for married couples. However, cohabitants also tend to undersave to possibly increase assistance from their partner. However, mutual altruism mitigates the inefficiencies and enforces time consistent risk sharing among cohabitants.I am thankful to Jonas Agell, Sophia Grahn-Voorneveld, Peter Kooreman and to Mats Persson for valuable comments on an earlier version. I have also received useful comments from the editor and from two anonymous referees. Generous financial support from the Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation and from Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundation is gratefully acknowledged.     

论多校区大学校园文化建设

大学之间大规模的重组合并,使多校区校园文化建设成为一个全新的问题。在校园文化的“硬件”文化建设上,新校区应追求创新与传统的统一;在校园文化的“软件”文化建设上,新校区应在大学精神与母校区保持一致,并展示本土文化特色,新校区还应加强与母校区的学术交流,在管理体制方面大胆改革创新。     

Syndicats et inégalités de salaire: la naissance du «salaire familial»

Dans de nombreux pays de l'OCDE, la législation consacre le droit des hommes et des femmes à percevoir une rémunération égale pour un travail de valeur égale. Pourtant, dans la première moitié du XX^e siècle, employeurs et syndicats ont parfois défendu l'idée d'un «salaire familial» synonyme d'inégalité salariale. L'auteure retrace les origines historiques et sociologiques de ce système, à la fois dans une perspective comparative et à partir de documents d'archive sur la situation en Israël. Elle met en lumière le rôle complexe des syndicats, guidés dans leur défense du salaire familial à la fois par une vision patriarcale et par des valeurs socialistes.     

The geolinguistics of /l/ vocalization in Australia and New Zealand

Recent work in comparative sociolinguistics marks a re–engagement of variationists studying language change in progress with geography. In this study of the vocalization of /l/ in nine speech localities in Australian and New Zealand English, the geographical, the linguistic and the social constraints on variation are all included in the quantitative analysis. The usual identification of the starting point of change as the factor that is quantitatively ‘more’ is challenged by variable constraint hierarchies associated with speech localities as well as by the identification of Christchurch as the place of the origin of the sound change. Neither the gravity nor the urban hierarchy models of diffusion explain the geographical pattern of the sound change; a number of place effects are proposed as potential explanations, including the geographical variability of the vigorousness of the change. Variable isoglosses representing discontinuities in the dataset are mapped; they reveal the subtle patterns of sociolinguistic variation that mark the difference between Australian English and New Zealand English.     

Queer Christian: The Catholic Homosexual Apologia and Lesbian/Gay Practice

This essay concerns recent positions on homosexuality taken by the Roman Catholic Church and places them with respect to historical documents engaging same-sex desire. Analyzing Aelred of Rievaulx's twelfth-century Spiritual Friendship, John Bloxam's 1894 The Priest and the Acolyte, and Marc-André Raffalovich's 1896 Uranisme et Unisexualité, this essay offers perspectives on contemporary lay and ecclesiastical apologias, defenses, and critiques of homosexual behavior. The relationship between past and present locates the Christian churches' response to the modern homosexual as a historically developed—rather than permanently fixed—model of identity and action.     

石盘汉墓画像石断代分析

石盘汉墓彩绘画像石的发现,改变了晋陕两地画像石艺术形式的传统观念,再次拓展了对中国汉代画像石艺术全貌的认识。对该墓葬较为确切的纪年判断,关系到对该地区画像石风格特征、演变规律的研究,也关系到汉代彩绘画像石在中国古代美术发展过程中的位置等问题的研究。石盘墓的断代,其发掘报告中说得较为宽泛,"约在东汉桓帝、灵帝之间"。运用图像语言比较的方式进行分析,该墓画像石的图像结构与造型特征,均与桓帝和平元年画像石相去甚远,而与灵帝建宁四年、熹平四年时相近。因此,石盘墓的完成年代应该就在175年前后的数年之间。     

婴儿配方奶粉中叶黄素测定

建立高效液相色谱法测定婴儿配方奶粉中叶黄素的检测方法。采用色谱柱为Carotenoid C30色谱柱(250.0mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇和甲基叔丁基醚,梯度洗脱,紫外检测器,检测波长445nm。结果表明,叶黄素浓度在0.05～2.0μg/mL之间呈线性关系,线性方程为:y=379874.03X+14289.56,相关系数R2=0.9990;奶粉的含量为50～500μg/100g时,回收率在92.8～103.5%之间,RSD%在1.2～3.5%之间;检出限为5μg/100g。该方法操作快捷简便,结果准确。     

女性哥特视野下的《伤心咖啡馆之歌》解读

女性哥特将性别与体裁有机地结合,是女性作家以哥特体裁为载体、以哥特因素为手段,探究父权制社会里女性的共性问题。20世纪美国南方女作家卡森.麦卡勒斯的中篇小说《伤心咖啡馆之歌》充满浓郁的哥特色彩,透视出作家处于萌芽状态的女权意识。本文结合女性主义视角对文本中的女性意识、性别身份、黑色幽默式的氛围和＂家＂的双重意义等女性哥特元素进行分析,探讨作品中蕴含着的对父权社会男性中心主义和性别二元对立的质疑和控诉。     

试论依法行政的制度依赖

依法行政是法治原则在公共行政与公共管理领域对公共权力的基本要求，它不仅要求行政行为依法作出，而且要求行政行为依照一定的行政程序作出，同时行政主体要对违法或不当行政行为承担法律责任。为了贯彻、实施依法行政，需要由宪政和法律制度基础予以保障，如权力分立制衡制度、司法审查制度以及行政组织法律制度、行政程序法律制度、行政监督制度和行政诉讼制度。这些制度促使行政机关依法办事、依法行政，从而保护公民的合法权益。     

传统文化精神整合力与师德修养

整合力是一种整体的精神力量,是传统文化和道德精神沿袭与发展的动力。传统文化精神的主体是道德的精神。是以道德的理想和整体的价值观念去影响社会,凝聚人心,也影响师修养。分析传统文化精神整合力与师德修养的相互关系,充分发挥整合力在师德修养建设中的作用,对于推进社会主义道德建设具有重要的意义。