Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross‐National Perspective

The authors examine the effect of premarital cohabitation on the division of household labor in 22 countries. First, women do more routine housework than men in all countries. Second, married couples that cohabited before marriage have a more equal division of housework. Third, national cohabitation rates have equalizing effects on couples regardless of their own cohabitation experience. However, the influence of cohabitation rates is only observed in countries with higher levels of overall gender equality. The authors conclude that the trend toward increasing cohabitation may be part of a broader social trend toward a more egalitarian division of housework.     

中国劳动力参与率方面存在的问题

目前我国劳动力参与率方面仍存在的许多问题,如劳动力参与率水平总体较高,其中的女性人口劳动力参与率、青年人口劳动力参与率和老年人口劳动力参与率均尤为高。针对这种情况,可考虑通过大力发展教育事业,提高法定劳动年龄界限来解决。     

试析技术异化的劳动异化根源

探讨现代技术异化的根源,不能只从技术层面去寻找.技术是人类生存实践的产物,技术形态和应用后果都是社会建构的,技术异化的根源也在于社会应用技术的主导模式.通过对劳动异化和技术异化的分析,认为技术异化是以资本主义生产方式和机器技术的大规模应用为前提的,根本的原因则是资本主义生产方式占据主导地位的情况下劳动异化了.因而,技术作为资本增值的内在手段,与劳动和自然对立,技术异化是劳动异化的必然表现.马克思的劳动异化思想,对我们深入理解技术异化的根源及其后果,具有极其重要的指导意义.     

劳动力密集地区非均衡流动——对河南省固始县劳动力流动及县域经济发展的调查

在劳动力密集的河南省,大量输出劳动力可以迅速促进当地经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,但人们往往忽视从长远看过量输出导致的非均衡流动却可能束缚输出地经济的发展,笔者通过对河南省信阳市固始县为期13天的调研,对这一问题进行了研究。本文描述了劳动力的大量输出对当地经济发展的促进,着重分析了当地劳动力流动的原因,并分析了非均衡流动给当地经济未来发展带来的三个问题。文章将在前半部分从劳动力流动的环境动力和劳动力流动去向的角度,结合劳动力流动的相关理论,对谷围村劳动力流动情况进行分析,并用"吸出模型"解释劳动力非均衡流动带来的问题和产生的原因。文章后半部分从劳动力大量输出对当地县域经济影响的角度分析了在劳动力密集的固始县企业招工难且劳动力成本高于外地的奇怪现象。最后,文章对固始县为实现劳动力均衡流动而采取的措施进行了研究,总结出劳动力过量输出地区的经济发展模式即"固始模式",并对该模式进行了分析。     

FDI、要素成本与东道国产业发展

论题拓展了James R Markusen（1997）的基本模型，重点纳入外商直接投资进入东道国对其要素市场的影响，分析了FDI与东道国产业的关联效应以及在要素市场的竞争效应对东道国产业发展的影响。外商直接投资将通过关联效应和要素市场的竞争对东道国产业发展产生一个动态二阶段影响过程：在初始阶段外商直接投资的进入将引导东道国发展最终消费品产业，从而促进产业结构变动；但在东道国产业发展到一定阶段后外商直接投资与东道国产业在要素市场的竞争加剧将阻碍东道国产业发展。     

农村剩余劳动力档案管理信息系统初探

实现农村劳动力的有效转移 ,需要宏观政策的引导 ,更需要微观措施的落实。本文提出建立档案式管理的诚信打工用工管理服务机制 ,既是微观管理措施的设计 ,也是宏观方针策略的探讨 ,寻求宏观政策与微观措施的有机结合 ,充分发挥宏观与微观的整合功能 ,促进农村剩余劳动力的有效转移     

Forced to work and liberated from work

The work-welfare nexus is essential in all social policy regimes. The question is in what situations individuals should be entitled to social welfare benefits and in which situations they should be obliged to work. Social welfare law and administrative practices define mechanisms that separate the deserving poor from people able to work. This article analyses the functions and character of these "separation mechanisms" in Sweden during three periods in history: a) in rural society in the late 19th century; b) in industrial society during the successful years of the Swedish model from World War II until the late 1970s; and c) the present, including the period of welfare retrenchment and reconsideration since the early 1980s. The conclusion is that Swedish social policy has always been strongly work-oriented, but the specific form and content of the work ethic has varied under the influence of different ideologies and handled in different social policy institutions. Under specific conditions the work line has been either generous or restrictive and it has been based on structural attempts to improve the opportunities to work as well as on attempts to strongly pressure the individual to work. The work line of today is seen as an interesting attempt to combine an effort to create good work through improved work conditions and an effort to reinforce elements of work enforcement in the social insurance system.     

The Division of Household Labor in Germany and Israel

We compare the patterns of household division of labor in Germany and Israel—two countries that share key elements of the corporatist welfare regime but differ in their gender regimes—and evaluate several hypotheses using data from the 2002 International Social Survey Program. Although time constraints and relative resources affect the division of household labor and women’s housework in both societies, we find that in Germany the gender order of household labor is more rigid, whereas in Israel the spouses’ linked labor market status exerts distinctive effects. We also find significant relationships between gender ideology and the division of household labor. We discuss the theoretical advantages of approaching the comparative study of gender inequality from the vantage point of family and gender regimes.     

深化对劳动和劳动价值论问题的认识

深化对劳动和劳动价值论问题的认识 ,是由马克思主义与时俱进的理论品质和劳动价值论的地位决定的 ,是迎接理论挑战和实践挑战的需要。通过深化对生产劳动、科技劳动和经济管理劳动的认识 ,有利于丰富劳动概念的内涵 ,拓展生产劳动的范围 ,明确科技和经营管理劳动不仅是生产性劳动 ,而且在价值和社会财富的创造中发挥着巨大的作用。     

论企业的联合产权制度性质

企业是一个以资源、能力与知识为基础的由要素所有者联合与劳动所有者联合相结合以创造、控制、分配 合作剩余的专业化生产性组织。联合产权制度是现代企业制度的普遍形式,也是现代企业制度的根本性质。