The market for construction wood in Mopti, Mali

This paper investigates the supply networks, the structure and operation of the markets and the increasing scarcity of good quality construction poles and hewn construction timber in Mopti, Mali. Using a variety of rapid appraisal methods the research identified separate groups of agents performing retailing, transporting and wood cutting functions within the supply network. A survey of the retail sector of the open or organised wood market in Mopti found the market to involve lower than expected volumes of timber and higher than expected mark-up variability across retailers and products. It was found that some users of construction wood do not buy their wood in the open market. The paper discusses one alternative method of obtaining wood involving the formation of a rural–urban solidarity network in which wood is ‘traded’ for various forms of help and assistance. The paper concludes that the re-empowerment of local communities so that they can manage and benefit from natural resources under their jurisdiction is probably a necessary condition for sustainable improvements in the supply of construction wood to Mopti. However, additional measures may be needed to replenish the stock of trees and human and institutional capital in the wood supply areas.     

货币政策与资本市场关系的理论溯源

货币政策与资本市场之间的关系,其深刻的理论渊源可以从货币数量理论和有效市场理论的有关论述中探寻。这些理论对于货币政策在资本市场预测效力上存在争论,经济学家对这两种理论的维护和相互融通方面做出了重要贡献。     

Parental constructions of masculinity at the transition to parenthood: the division of parental leave among Austrian couples

Men and masculinity are considered a key factor in changing gender inequality at the transition to parenthood. Prior research on gendered division of parental leave concentrated on fathers’ perspectives. This paper includes perspectives of fathers and mothers who make use of parental leave in different ways and asks how masculinity is jointly constructed, how these constructions are linked to the use of parental leave, and if and how they are oriented towards hegemonic masculinity. The analysis is based on 44 qualitative interviews with 11 Austrian couples before and after birth when decisions concerning parental leave were made. Our case reconstructions reveal that parents considered parental leave a central element of masculinity as long as it suited fathers’ needs and circumstances permitted. The decisions for sharing parental leave were father-centred as both partners valued father’s leave higher than mother’s.     

劳动力成本、交易成本与产业结构升级

劳动力成本和交易成本会从不同方向对产业结构升级产生影响。劳动密集型产业或生产环节对劳动力成本比较敏感,劳动力成本的上升会促使这些产业或生产环节外迁,并推动本地企业更多地利用资本和技术替代劳动,从而推动产业结构由劳动密集型转变为资本和技术密集型;知识密集型产业或生产环节对交易成本比较敏感,即使劳动力成本高企,较低的交易成本也会吸引这些产业或生产环节移入,从而增加本地知识密集型产业或生产环节的比重。因此,劳动力成本的提高会推动区域产业结构升级,交易成本的降低则会诱导区域产业结构升级。     

基于双边市场的媒体跨媒介竞争效应分析

基于三网融合的现实背景,在双边市场理论框架下,构建了媒体跨媒介竞争博弈模型。模型分析表明：媒体平台进行跨媒介扩张,可以增加自身消费者数量、广告投放数量以及广告费用;媒体平台跨媒介扩张存在一个投资临界,只有当投资成本小于这一临界时,跨媒介扩张才会增加媒体平台的利润;随着广告厌恶型消费者所占比例的增加,两家媒体平台最终的均衡广告收费和利润都会提升,进行跨媒介扩张的媒体平台广告量和消费者数量会减少,而没有进行跨媒介扩张的媒体平台广告量和消费者数量会增加。     

Plant closures,precariousness and policy responses: Revisiting MG Rover 10 years on

With automotive plants being closed in Australia and western Europe, this article reflects on the employment status of ex-MG Rover (MGR) workers following the closure of the Longbridge plant in 2005. In particular, it draws on Standing's typology of labour market insecurity and uses a mixed-methods approach including an analysis of a longitudinal survey of some 200 ex-MGR workers, and in-depth interviews with ex-workers and policy-makers. While the policy response to the closure saw significant successes in terms of the great majority of workers successfully adjusting into re-employment, and with positive findings in terms of re-training and education, the paper finds significant challenges in terms of security of employment, income, job quality and representation at work years after closure. In particular, the paper posits that the general lack of attention to employment security at the macrolevel effectively undermined elements of a positive policy response over the longer run. This in turn suggests longer-term policy measures are required to address aspects of precariousness at work.     

Quality of employment in Latin America: Theory and evidence

Historically, the development literature concerned with Latin American labour markets has focused on job numbers and productivity. But given the persistence of large shares of informal and now otherwise precarious employment, the authors argue that meaningful analysis also requires consideration of the implications of occupational status for the quality of employment. Based on empirical evidence from recent decades, they conclude that most dimensions of this concept – including social protection – depend on the conclusion of a written contract of employment. This finding leads them to outline policy options for stabilizing formal employment and securing adequate funding for social protection.     

电子商务对国际贸易的冲击

电子商务的迅速发展给所有企业带来了机遇与挑战 ,国际贸易领域是最早感受到电子商务的影响与冲击的领域之一。电子商务在缩短贸易流程、节省交易成本、提高贸易效率、增加贸易机会以及提高企业的市场应变能力和竞争能力等方面具有传统贸易方式无可比拟的优势 ,是未来国际贸易的必然趋势。但在转型过程中 ,发展中国家的状况却不容乐观     

解释的递进:中国马克思主义哲学解释“实践”的几种模式

在社会理论意义上,以“劳动”作为“实践”是中国马克思主义哲学实践观的历史选择和基本看法。生活世界理论和生存—实践论开始意识到其中的矛盾张力,但仍致力于弥合。而认识论意义上把“实践”解释为反教条的经验累积论在中国也根深蒂固。着重强调人与人关系(而非原来的人与自然关系)并凸现自由、伦理、人文、审美等价值维度的“实践”日益受到重视。但从人人关系维度看,“实践”内含的各种张力、矛盾、复杂、多元、异质等都凸现出来,使实践智慧论和实践自悖谬论成为日益受关注的问题,理论与实践统一、知—信—行的统一开始受到反思,而实践和生存的内在反讽性或许更凸现了哲学实践观的复杂内涵,以及区分不同层次的必要性。     

马克思劳动和劳动价值论的现代阐释——兼论科技工作和经营管理是劳动的重要形式

马克思关于劳动和劳动价值论面临着一系列的挑战。我们今天所处的时代与马克思建立劳动和劳动价值论基本理论的时代有着很大的不同。在社会主义市场经济条件下,面对知识经济和经济全球化趋势,深化对劳动和劳动价值论的认识以及正视科技工作和经营管理是劳动的重要形式是时代的需要。